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| |
| | [No title] |
 | | input of the half-voiced consonant is conducted by operations of the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said un-voiced consonant, the input key assigned to the function of bringing into a half-voiced consonant, and the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said vowel. | | | input of the voiced consonant is conducted by operations of the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said un-voiced consonant, the input key assigned to said function of bringing into a voiced consonant, and the input key of the alphabetic letter indicative of said vowel; and | | | other one of the nine (9) input keys indicative of said un-voiced consonants than the input key, to which is assigned the function of bringing into a voiced consonant, is assigned to an input key having a function of bringing into a half-voiced consonant; |
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http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/patog/week12/OG/html/1292-4/US06870528-20050322.html
(307 words)
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| | E. Russell Webb: Voice alternation as passive lenition: R in French |
| | Voice alternation is more complex, as syllabic position would appear to be less important for output generation than are linear adjacency and clustering. | | | These approaches construe voicing as either a binary or privative feature, expressed within a structural geometry of distinctive features; in the approach advocated herein, voicing is conceived of in a manner more closely resembling the phonetic properties of this phenomenon, i.e., as a state of the glottis. | | | Applied principally to word-final and syllable-final consonant devoicing, Lombardi (1994, 1995a and b, 1998, 1999, 2001) uses geometric representations and proposes a laryngeal feature (LAR), dominated by the root node, in her explanation of patterns of voice neutralization and assimilation. |
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http://www.linguistik-online.com/18_04/russellWebb.html
(7321 words)
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| |
| | Proto-Indo-European Phonology |
| | Voiced stops occurred in somewhat more restricted environments than voiceless stops: they did not normally occur before other stops or fricatives (except across morpheme boundaries, where they may have developed by forward assimilation to another voiced consonant). | | | Different linguists have developed different sets of "laryngeals", while some have stuck to algebraic formulations, claiming that it is not possible to reconstruct the exact nature of these consonants. | | | Some examples, next to the different possible consonants: |
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http://www.tundria.com/Linguistics/pie-phonology.shtml
(816 words)
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| |
| | Polish Language Introduction Page |
| | Normally you should not have any problems with soft consonants because most of them appear in English and other languages. | | | The table below summarizes all the information about the consonants. | | | Only c, n, s, z can have an acute accent; other consonants must take i. |
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http://www.ziemiecki.com/polish
(1144 words)
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| | L103, Spring 2003: Examination 2 |
| | The overlapping distribution of [k] and [k:] is an indication that consonant length is contrastive. | | | Yes, consonant length does seem to be contrastive because short and long versions of the same consonant appear in overlapping distributions. | | | Based on the Inuktitut data in the level-1 problems above, do you think that consonant length is a contrastive dimension in Inuktitut? |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~gasser/L103/Assignments/exam2.html
(976 words)
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| | How to Read the Russian Letters |
| | Pay attention to the combinations of consonants and vowels with the SOFT SIGN – Ь. | | | Listen and repeat the following words and phrases. | | | Pay attention to how to pronounce the final consonants-sound. |
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http://library.reed.edu/lang/russian/russian_sound/Russian_Sound_System.html
(2490 words)
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| |
| | Consonant - One Language |
| | For example, in English, the sound [m] in "mud" is a consonant, but in "prism", it occupies an entire syllable, as a vowel would. | | | The following tables list all the consonants listed by the IPA. | | | Since the number of consonants in the world's languages is much greater than the number of consonant letters in most alphabets, linguists have devised systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to assign a unique symbol to each possible consonant. |
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http://www.onelang.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Consonant
(631 words)
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| | Sk'op Sotz'leb: Chapter 1 |
| | All other words are written with an initial glottal stop or with another initial consonant. | | | These phonetic notes will help students look up a root in the dictionary (or in the vocabulary included in this grammar). | | | A few bisyllabic roots do not conform to this pattern. |
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http://www.zapata.org/tzotzil/Chapters/chapt1.html
(1847 words)
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| | Pronouncing the plural S endings Antimoon Forum |
| | In some accents "wh" is pronounced [W] which is a voiceless consonant and [h] is voiceless also but I don't know any word which ends in [h] or [W]. | | | We thus can rewrite b) and split c) in two (one part about vowels and the other about consonants). | | | I would never pronounce "dishes" or "matches" with a /z/ sound at the end of them. |
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http://www.antimoon.com/forum/posts/4599.htm
(1104 words)
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| | Interlanguage Phonology of Korean Learners of English |
| | Voiceless stops are aspirated in the word initial or in the stressed-syllable initial position, but they are not aspirated after /s/ and in the unstressed-syllable initial position, and they remain unexploded in the syllable coda position. | | | Note: Actually, the result of Major & Faudree (1996) shows that the voiced stops in the word initial position are not a big problem to Korean learners of English. | | | In the case of a consonant in the syllable coda position |
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http://odin.prohosting.com/hkkim/cgi-bin/kaeps/il_phon.htm
(1120 words)
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| |
| | The Details of Modern Greek Phonetics and Phonology |
| | The notion of palatalization refers to the change of four consonants, [k], [γ], [x], and [g], from the velar column of this table to the preceding palatal one, if the vowel that follows is either [i] or [ε]. | | | Let us see examples of palatalization of the velar consonants: | | | This is part of the reason that explains the predominance of palatalization in the language. |
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http://cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/harry/lan/grphdetl.htm
(2879 words)
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| |
| | Fictional Linguistics: Lesson 1.A.4: Multidimensional Consonants |
| | Some languages do not have the voiced/unvoiced contrast so /pIt/ and /bIt/ would be the same word to them because /p/ and /b/ are the same phoneme. | | | What we will need to do for TGL is to define the phones and phonemes of the language, which means deciding which series are represented (do TGL speakers use africates or not? | | | If however they said /bIt/, voicing the first consonant, we would recognize it as a different word, because we have a voiced/unvoiced contrast in English but not an aspirated/unaspirated contrast. |
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http://feminafelis.tripod.com/Lessons/1a4.html
(822 words)
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| |
| | Voiced bilabial plosive |
| | Articulatory complexity, ambient frequency, and functional load as predictors of consonant development in children. | | | It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides. | | | The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. |
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http://hallencyclopedia.com/Voiced_bilabial_plosive
(487 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | Þ7 , ·9 8 $ .8 7 7 7 W@ W@ ¤ ¤ (! ¡9 ¤ ¤ (! Rachel Kesselman Final Project: Measuring vowel and consonant durations LIN4205: Fundamentals of Phonetics 04.27.04 Background The purpose of this project was to compare vowel and closure duration in English and Dutch words. | | | Data referring to voice onset time reveals information about the distinction between voiced and voiceless obstruents in initial position. | | | From syllable examples in both languages, it is evident that English and Dutch both make distinctions between voiced and voiceless obstruents in initial position, and only differ in the length of lead and lag voicing. |
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http://plaza.ufl.edu/rachelk/final_project_writeup.doc
(1074 words)
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| |
| | Your first Real Singer voice recording |
| | Below is a list of the various kinds of phonemes you might be asked to record, and what area the program expects to be selected before validating. | | | Emphasize the consonant itself and make it sound louder than it should be in normal speech. | | | Emphasize the consonant itself and make it sound louder that it should be in normal speech. |
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http://www.myriad-online.com/resources/docs/melody/english/rsadjsel.htm
(765 words)
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| | Serakus - Languages - Çanil Grammar |
| | The /a/ in each prefix changes to match the vowel in the personal ending. | | | Consonants can vary in two degrees of length. | | | Plurality is marked by simply lengthening the first consonant or vowel of the root. |
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http://www.thegreatsleep.com/serakus/language/canil/grammar.html
(735 words)
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| |
| | Phonology: Consonants |
| | Thus, we get the following systems of classification. | | | All consonants may be classified as either voiced or voiceless. | | | Consonants may also be classified according to the manner of articulation and the point of articulation: that is, how and where the flow of air is stopped or impeded when the consonant is articulated. |
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http://facweb.furman.edu/~wrogers/phonemes/phono/phcons.htm
(178 words)
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| |
| | Making sense of allophones |
| | Assimilation is when a sound becomes more like its environment. | | | Voiceless consonants are longer at the end of a word than are voiced consonants. | | | For the listener: spreading a feature like voicing or nasality out over a longer period of time can often make it easier to hear (though it can also destroy contrasts that used to be in the segments that changed). |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec3/sense.htm
(509 words)
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| |
| | 6. Some interesting features — 42 |
| | stand for full-letter consonants and vowel tengwar, resp., as defined previously, where | | | stand for consonant and vowel tengwar, resp., over which a vowel tehta is applied, with the exception of | | | Of course, in the case where the two vowels to be separated follow a consonant, when the separation occurs the first one should be transformed into a tehta over that consonant. |
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http://www.raphael.poss.name/tengwar/lojteng2
(846 words)
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| | Gevey Language Resource - Pronunciation and Script |
| | When two words adjoin, the first ending with a consonant and the second starting with a consonant, then it is possible that the first word will change its ending depending on the following rules: | | | This system is actually an advance on the native script, which makes no attempt to show which sound will be used to separate adjoining vowels. | | | The following letter changes have also been recorded in various dialects when two words with the appropriate sounds are brought together: |
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http://www.kalieda.org/gevey/say.html
(571 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Polish like other languages is spoken in syllables. | | | The low tongue position creates a larger resonator behind the point of constriction and gives the sound a deep hushing sound, contrasting with the high shishing sound of ś. | | | But when they follow a voiceless consonant in a word, instead of causing it to be voiced they become voiceless themselves. |
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http://slavic.lang.uiuc.edu/gladney/Elementary_Polish/001_Introduction.html
(1775 words)
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| | Midterm Exam |
| | Find an example of a structure word in this poem and write it here. | | | Because of their phonetic environments, however, these morphemes sound different. | | | In fact, this same voiced alveolar fricative occurs at several other points in the poem, in words such as Heaves, Eyes, interposed, and Windows. |
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http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/markport/language/grammar/mid1key.htm
(2023 words)
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| | Russian pronunciation guide |
| | [j] or [i:]), but in Russian the sound [n'] can appear before every sound no matter how it is articulated, for example there are two absolutely different in meaning words in Russian differing only in palatalization or non-palatalization of [n] consonant: "нос" [nos] (nose) and "нёс" [n'os] (past masculine form of "нести" (to carry), carried). | | | Another feature is that all noise consonants are devoiced at the end of the word (of course if there is no word immediately following it and beginning with the voiced noise consonant, you could see it in one of the previous examples: с горы), e.g. | | | The problem is how to mark the softness of consonants in writing. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Bookstore/3230/pronunciation.html
(1696 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | This phenomenon is also called consonant assimilation, or devoicing of consonants. | | | Consonants in Russian (and in all other languages) are either voiced or voiceless. | | | For example, in the word завтракать the voiced consonant -в- is in front of the voiceless consonant -т-. |
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http://www.auburn.edu/forlang/russian/tutorials/0029.html
(430 words)
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| |
| | Russian Language: Free Grammar Guides |
| | A voiced consonant may become devoiced also in the middle of a word if it is followed by a voiceless consonant, for example in "узкий"(narrow) the voiced consonant з sounds as devoiced [с] because of the next unvoiced к. | | | Voiced English consonants stay voiced in the final position, while Russian consonants become devoiced at the end of a word, for example in "хлеб"(bread) the last voiced consonant is pronounced as unvoiced [п]. | | | A learner must manage to pronounce every Russian consonant in both hard (which is easy) and soft (more difficult) forms correctly because the meaning of a word often depends on it: e.g. |
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http://www.learningrussian.com/grammar/phonetic5.htm
(497 words)
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| |
| | APStracts 6:0382N, 1999. |
| | This abrupt change in consonant identification is an example of categorical speech perception, and is a central feature of phonetic discrimination. | | | Syllables with a VOT of 40, 60 or 80 msec evoked components time-locked to consonant release and voicing onset. | | | Furthermore, AEPs exhibit features that may facilitate categorical perception of stop consonants, and these response patterns appear to be based on temporal processing limitations within auditory cortex. |
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http://www.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1999/jn/August/382n.html
(480 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | Both of these processes occur across word boundaries if the first word is a preposition [i.e., most very short words are prepositions]. | | | Voiced consonant (usually) loses voicing at end of word [as in German] but also before unvoiced consonant. | | | Note that each of these situations is a different phonetic environment: 1.] "y" at word's end or before consonant, 2.] "y" between consonant and vowel, 3.] "y" between two consonants. |
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http://www.mindspring.com/~garyduanecox/rusdicsing.html
(801 words)
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| |
| | Literacy & Learning - Other Resources |
| | Single consonant sounds can require more than one letter of the alphabet to represent them. | | | Consonants can also be voiced (using the larynx in the production of sound) or unvoiced (creating a whisper). | | | In written English each consonant is represented by one or more letters. |
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http://www.lupinworks.com/os/spelling/conson.html
(131 words)
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| |
| | Russian 305: Letters and Sounds. Part 2 |
| | To choose between a voiced and unvoiced consonant letter in the root, find another form of the same word or a related word where the consonant is followed by a vowel. | | | To choose between a voiced and unvoiced consonant at the boundary between the prefix and root (other than for с vs. з described above), try to find another word with the same prefix where it is followed by a vowel. | | | When two consonants follow each other, and the second one unvoiced, the first is also pronounced in an unvoiced manner, e.g. |
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http://russian.dmll.cornell.edu/Russian.web/courses/305/letters_sounds_2.htm
(903 words)
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| |
| | The Aiola Alphabet |
| | All the other symbols represent consonants of the language. | | | Four consonant sounds are represented in written speech with diagraphs (two-letter symbol). |
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http://www.aiola.org/learn/alphabet.html
(99 words)
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| |
| | Mingo Consonants |
| | Unlike the basically voiceless consonants, the basically voiced consonants never occur at the end of a word, and they never occur immediately before another consonant. | | | We can divide Mingo Consonants into two basic classes: those which are basically voiced, and those which are basically voiceless. | | | The Mingo -s- is very much like the English s, and should be very easy for you to learn. |
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http://www.mingolanguage.org/grammar/phono/consonants.html
(911 words)
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| |
| | Voiced consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In most languages, the difference between /b, d, g/ and /p, t, k/ is that /b, d, g/ are voiced, while /p, t, k/ are not. | | | See phonation for a continuum of degrees of tension in the vocal cords. | | | There are two variables to degrees of voicing: intensity (discussed under phonation), and duration (discussed under voice onset time). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_consonant
(338 words)
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| |
| | Phonation |
| | In languages such as French, all obstruents occur in pairs of a voiced one and an unvoiced one. | | | Phoneticians define phonation as "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus." | | | The vowels are usually voiced, but there are also voiced consonants. |
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http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/P/Phonation.htm
(438 words)
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| |
| | Normal speech development - Caroline Bowen |
| | Consonant clusters occur when two or three consonants occur in a sequence in a word. | | | A final voiced consonant in a word is replaced by a voiceless consonant. | | | The final consonant in the word is omitted. |
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http://members.tripod.com/Caroline_Bowen/acquisition.html
(1057 words)
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| |
| | Overton Speech & Language Center - Common Phonological Processes |
| | Deletion of Initial Consonants - omission of initial consonants (i.e., "house" becomes "ouse"). | | | Deletion of Final Consonants - omission of the last consonant in a word (i.e., "gun" becomes "gu"). | | | Cluster Simplification - omission of one or more consonant sounds when they occur together or the insertion of the schwa vowel (uh) between them (i.e., "stamp" becomes "tamp"; "black" becomes "buhlack"). |
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http://www.overtonspeech.net/CommonPhonologicalProcesses.html
(325 words)
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| |
| | LINGUIST List 9.700: Voiced-Unvoiced |
| | As far as I know, the voice onset time explion is not that simple. | | | I think that the tendency to "feel" some vibration in voiceless consonants can occur because of the very short VOT and also because of some consonants being strident, thus creating some turbulence in the oral cavity. | | | On the one hand, there is continuous voicing in sequences of vowel+voiced consonant+vowel. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/9/9-700.html
(227 words)
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| |
| | Pronunciation Rules |
| | Whenever two or more of the consonants in Table 3 occur within a phonological word (a word or cluster of words sharing a single accent), the final consonant determines the voicing for all. | | | In other words, if the final consonant is voiced, all will be voiced, if the final consonant is voiceless, all will be voiceless. | | | In addition to the hard and soft consonants in Russian, the distinction 'voiced' and 'voiceless' consonants is also important. |
|
http://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/pronounc.html
(364 words)
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| |
| | Newsletter 1983 part 3. |
| | The use of both breathed and voiced versions is rare in a language. | | | The consonants are the more or less obstructed sounds, which may be either breathed or voiced. | | | Th is a hard sound for foreigners and perhaps should not be included in an international language alfabet. |
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http://www.spellingsociety.org/news/news/news2pt3.php
(1226 words)
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| |
| | Spanish consonants & semivowels |
| | The position of this obstruction and the manner in which it is effected are two of the main factors in the determination of the consonant’s acoustic properties. | | | We are now in a position to make an inventory of the main Spanish consonant sounds, classifying them in each case in terms of their place and manner of articulation and whether or not they are voiced. | | | A consonant’s place of articulation is usually expressed in terms of the positions adopted by its articulators, i.e. |
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http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/i.e.mackenzie/conssemi.htm
(609 words)
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| |
| | Pronunciation |
| | is pronounced *z* (az the "z" in "zebra") if the first letter of the next word is a voiced consonant, e.g. | | | There are a few cases though where the *i* sound has to be spoken explicitely, for example | | | What follows is just an overview of some details in the pronunciation, that will improve your accent, but they are not extremely essential for reading Greek. |
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http://www.greece.org/gr-lessons/gr-english/pronunciation.html
(544 words)
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| |
| | Assimilation - French Pronunciation - Voiced Unvoiced French Sounds |
| | This type of assimilation occurs most commonly with unvoiced consonants found between two vowels. | | |
Assimilation occurs when voiced and unvoiced sounds meet, either in a single
word or in a phrase. | | |
When a voiced consonant is found next to an unvoiced one, the voiced
consonant usually becomes unvoiced due to assimilation. |
|
http://french.about.com/cs/pronunciation/a/assimilation.htm
(496 words)
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| |
| | Basic Rules of Pronounciation |
| | This means that for each voiced consonant there is a voiceless counterpart but not vice versa. | | | This means that the unaccented E doesn't sound at all like И and vice versa. | | | Whenever two or more consonants that participate in the opposition voiced : voiceless occur next to each other within a word or a cluster of words sharing a single accent (phonological word), the final consonant influences the voicing of the whole consonant cluster. |
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http://www.hf.uio.no/east/bulg/mat/gram/103pron.html
(901 words)
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| |
| | Kosi grammar - FrathWiki |
| | When a voiced consonant closes a syllable, the vowel is longer than in a syllable closed by a voiceless consonant. | | | Grammatical vowel shifts (fronting/raising) occur in Kosi, with the result that two suprasegmental phonemes occur in the language: the unrounded counterparts of u and o, written ï and ë respectively. | | | Word-initially, it is syllabic when followed by any consonant, and when word-finally, it is syllabic when preceded by any consonant. |
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http://wiki.frath.net/Kosi_grammar
(2796 words)
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| |
| | Letter M Neographies |
| | Most of the basic characters are derived from Japanese (Hiragana), modified by the needs of the final-consonant marks (and some invented ones, that are made necessary by the system, since more than two diacritics on top of one character are not possible). | | | Majjapi - Majjapi is an extension of the Japanese Katakana syllabary, in order to make possible the use of more consonant sounds, than is catered for with the standard Katakana. | | | Mannaci - This script could be called a linear Abugida, but it is classified as an Alphabet, despite that the vowel @ (schwa) is inherent in each consonant symbol, unless a vowel symbol follows it. |
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http://www.langmaker.com/db/alp_m_index.htm
(578 words)
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| |
| | Crouch Memorial Language Institute: Czech-English |
| | When two or more consonants appear in sequence, they are all voiceless (if possible) when the last consonant is voiceless, and all voiced (if possible) if the last consonant is voiced, except if it is v. | | | When a voiced consonant appears at the end of a word, it becomes unvoiced. | | | The first syllable of every word is stressed. |
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http://www.m5p.com/~pravn/hp/langs/cs.html
(334 words)
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