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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
 | | This is the voiced analog of the previous. | | | One sequence commonly found in many languages is the succession of a plosive by the corresponding fricative. | | | ‘r’ tends to turn into a fricative (not unlike ‘sh’) when whispered, at least in initial and post-consonantal positions. |
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http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/linguistic/ipa
(7060 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | This operator may optionally be placed *before* the operand, in keeping with usual practice among computer users. | | | The following tables follow the arrangement of the chart published in the Journal of the IPA for ease of reference. | | | The range of the voice is divided into five units, to which the numbers 1 through 5 are assigned, with 1 low and 5 high. |
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http://umich.edu/~archive/linguistics/linguist.list/volume.5/no.801-850/5-806
(1757 words)
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| | Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA |
| | Diacritics (other than those already catered for in SAMPA) are mapped onto a keystroke with a preceding underscore, _. | | | s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ | | | Thus for example the voiced velar fricative (gamma) becomes G, the voiced uvular plosive G\, and the velarization diacritic _G (so that for example velarized d appears as d_G). |
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http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm
(725 words)
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| | Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Sound Index |
| | The following is an index of the retroflex segments currently found in the feature database. | | | A short phonetic description is linked to a page with details about each segment. |
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http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/projects/featuresoftware/browse_sounds?soundset=15
(40 words)
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| | The College of Weights, Measures, and Exactitudes |
| | Where Grœna treats g as a voiceless velar fricative ([ x ]) in the initial position (such as in the word glaif), the Blaewa and the Rauþøþlį have a voiced glottal fricative ([ h ]). | | | In Grœna, g is a voiceless velar fricative ([ x ]) when it occurs between two back vowels or finally. | | | In the other two languages, j is a voiceless palatal fricative ([ ç ]) before front vowels, a voiced postalveolar ficative ([ Z ]) before back vowels, as in Grœna, and mid-close front vowel [(I)] finally. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/ga3/arkan/differences.html
(710 words)
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| | UNIL / Linguistique - phonetic |
| | We distinguish below between so-called true fricatives and the related class of spirants. | | | Among the fricatives below are ones described as hissers and hushers. | | | This section describes the dorsal fricatives and the fricatives where the dorsal/lateral opposition is unimportant. |
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http://www2.unil.ch/ling/english/phonetique/api32-eng.html
(958 words)
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| | Places of articulation |
| | But there are languages which do make such contrasts: many Australian languages contrast all four coronal POAs; many languages of India contrast at least dental, alveolar, and retroflex. | | | It is possible to narrow the pharynx even more to create the radico-pharyngeal fricatives used in, for example, Arabic. | | | This ambiguity wasn't too problematic during the formative years of the IPA, since most of the languages that were then familiar to western linguists never contrasted the three POAs except in fricatives. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistics/russell/138/sec5/s5-poa.htm
(899 words)
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| | Halfbakery: Phonetically Complex Language |
| | The grammer on the other hand does not need to be complex. | | | ...decrement What the hell is a bilabial fricative anyway? | | | Teach kids a phonetically diverse constructed language (conlang) at a young age so they won't have trouble learning a foreign language later as an adult. |
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http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Phonetically_20Complex_20Language
(1265 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Hit Ctrl a to select the entire file. | | | Preliminaries on Polish The data alas are not in IPA but in an adapted version of Polish orthography. | | | Here are the sounds that are not IPA: Spreadsheet IPA Description c [t(s] voiceless alveolar affricate cz [(((] voiceless retroflex affricate sz [(] voiceless retroflex fricative rz [(] voiced retroflex fricative z. |
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http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/201/PolishDiminutives.doc
(1434 words)
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| | The Language Vorlin |
| | The table below gives the Vorlin words that refer to each glyph. | | | : the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative which is spelled x in the Pinyin system of romanizing Chinese (spelled hs in Wade-Giles) | | | The names of most voiced consonants contain the vowel e and most unvoiced consonants have u; this makes them very distinct from one another, moreso than English pairs such as “bee” and “pee.” |
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http://www.rickharrison.com/language/vorlin1999.html
(8346 words)
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| | Voiced retroflex fricative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. | | | .Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the voiced alveolar fricative which has the symbol z. | | | The voiced retroflex fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative
(317 words)
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| | How to pronounce Hebrew |
| | Perhaps sin should be a voiceless retroflex fricative, but this is not attested in any Semitic languages, to my knowledge. | | | Voiced labiodental fricative v Note: Although the more logical choice would might been the voiced bilabial fricative (as Ancient Greek "beta"), this is not at all attested in Hebrew; all modern pronounciations have /v/ (except Babylonian which has aspirated /b/, but this seems borrowed, since no other Semitic languages use aspiration). | | | Voiceless labiodental fricative f Although (as for beth) the more logical choice might have been the unvoiced bilabial fricative (as Ancient Greek "phi"), this is not at all attested in Hebrew; all modern pronounciations have /f/ (except Babylonian which has aspirated /p/, but this seems borrowed, since no other Semitic languages use aspiration). |
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http://ir.iit.edu/~argamon/hebrew.html
(704 words)
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| | Wiki - Main - Sohlobhistoricalphonology |
| | This voicing applies also to /s/ in Linjeb but is never phonemicized there and is not reflected in the orthography. | | | In Linjeb the palatalized dorsal obstruents go all the way to coronal fricatives, thus merging with the former palatalized coronal obstruents. | | | In both Classical Sohlob and Kidilib sequences of nasal + voiceless stop are weakened, but both the process and the outcome are different in the two dialects. |
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http://melroch.xwiki.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Sohlobhistoricalphonology
(2542 words)
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| | Tirelat script and pronunciation |
| | Preceding consonants may be more or less palatalized. | | | (z) A voiced alveolar sibilant, [z], as in "zone". | | | (x) A voiceless velar fricative, [x], as in "loch" or "Bach" (Spanish "baja", German "machen"). |
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http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/Tirelat/script.html
(1121 words)
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| | Trivishtapam - Languages - Transliteration |
| | RULE NUMBER #2 should not be used for Sam'skr'ta when you are writing run-in text. | | | I also specify encoding for some Hindi usages, though I won't be using it. | | | h', x, sh, s', s and f' are respectively the glottal, velar, palatal, retroflex, dental and bilabial voiceless fricatives. |
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http://samvit.org/lingua/mytrans.htm
(1380 words)
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| | Nasal consonant |
| | [ɳ] voiced retroflex nasal, common in Indic languages | | | A nasal is a sound produced when the air is allowed to escape through the nose, while its oral passage may be blocked by the lips or tongue (a nasal stop) or opened (a nasal vowel). | | | [n] is an alveolar or dental nasal: see voiced alveolar nasal |
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http://www.1-free-software.com/en/wikipedia/n/na/nasal_consonant.html
(167 words)
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| | Lindiga: Phonology and Writing |
| | Clusters of more than two consonants are not allowed, and both consonants in the cluster must be voiced or voiceless. | | | Following a retroflex sound, other dental and alveolar consonants are also pronounced as retroflex: marsni [ˈmɑʐɳi] "magenta", nirnti [ˈɲiɳɖi] "particular". | | | ch [x] -- a voiceless velar fricative; before i or j, pronounced as [ç] (equivalent to g). |
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http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/Lindiga/phonology.html
(923 words)
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| | Tamil transliteration and pronunciation |
| | The velar nasal is supposed to be n with a dot over it; since it is usually followed by k, I used an unmarked n. | | | The retroflex consonants are supposed to have a dot under them; I have followed the convention of subsituting uppercase letters. | | | Long vowels are supposed to have a macron over them; I have substituted the circumflex. |
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http://www.penkatali.org/tamil.html
(521 words)
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| | Klingonska Akademien - pIqaD, And How to Read It. |
| | Consonant composed of initial stop phase followed by a release phase taking the form of a homorganic fricative. | | | This sound does not occur in English, but is very much like the final sound in tetl, the Aztec word for egg, if properly pronounced. | | | It differs from Klingon D in two ways: (1) like p, it is accompanied by a puff of air; and (2) the tongue touches a position on the roof of the mouth father forward than that for D. |
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http://klingonska.org/piqad
(5002 words)
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| | ENGLISH PHONOLOGY |
| | all are fricatives except for the "c" with the hachek over it, which is an affricate | | | voiceless, bilabial, aspirated stop alveopalatal fricative would be a "sh" | | | all are sonorants, but the retroflex "r" is not a nasal |
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http://web.pdx.edu/~jkh/english_phonology.htm
(448 words)
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| | quechua ipa |
| | The following allophonic variations often occur in Quechua: | | | vowels /i/ and /u/--> [e] and [o] respectively (when next to uvular fricative) | | | voiceless alveolar fricative [s] --> voiceless postalveolar fricative when adjacent to a high front unrounded vowel [i] |
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http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/nl-ipa/quechuaipa.html
(102 words)
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| | Chinese - Xiang |
| | One can compare the above IPA with the PinFa transcription equivalents below. | | | which takes on the high front unrounded retroflex vowel | | | The Xiang dialect of ShuangFeng also includes a set of voiced initials |
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http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/xiang.htm
(105 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | E2DF A pag openg voiced velar plosive %0262 E2E7 A pcg smcapg 0x0262 voiced uvular plosive %0263 E2E1 A pdg swirlv voiced velar fricative %0264 E268? |
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http://www.ams.org/STIX/bnb/stix-tbl.asc-99aug26
(26 words)
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| | UNICODE -- 0250:IPA Extensions |
| | * in origin 027F plus the retroflex hook 0322, despite its name | | | x (latin capital letter t with retroflex hook - 01AE) |
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http://www.iam.uni-bonn.de/~alt/html/unicode_119.html
(389 words)
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| | frater2 |
| | However, it is set off with a slight pause of the voice in speaking and a comma in writing. |
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http://www.smart.net/~bartlett/frater2.html
(5095 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | E2DF 2FB A pag openg voiced velar plosive %00262 E2E7 2FB A pcg smcapg 0x0262 voiced uvular plosive %00263 E2E1 2FB A pdg swirlv voiced velar fricative %00264 E268? |
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http://www.ams.org/STIX/bnb/stix-tbl.asc-00oct19
(29 words)
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| | LIST OF CONSONANTS FACTS AND INFORMATION |
| | alveolar_approximant *alveolar_lateral_approximant *bilabial_approximant *labial-palatal_approximant *labial-velar approximant (voiced) *labial-velar approximant (voiceless) *labiodental_approximant *palatal_approximant *palatal_lateral_approximant *retroflex_approximant *retroflex_lateral_approximant *velar_approximant *velar_lateral_approximant *velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant ===Flap (tap) consonants=== |
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http://www.witwib.com/List_of_consonants
(126 words)
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| | Burushaski - UPSID Language Profile |
| | segfr(n, [voiced, dental_alveolar, sibilant, fricative], [breton, lithuanian, bulgarian, romanian, farsi, pashto, e_armenian, cheremis, kirghiz, khalaj, japanese, katcha, dagbani, senadi, ewe, igbo, ga, tarok, swahili, doayo, songhai, kanuri, logbara, yulu, amharic, hebrew, socotri, shilha, tuareg, awiya, kullo, dizi, hausa, mabuiag, sui, malagasy, changchow, burmese, kunimaipa, chipewyan, mazahua, dakota, bribri, apinaye, lak, burushaski]). | | | segla(n, [voiced, dental_alveolar, r_sound], [tarok, doayo, songhai, socotri, beja, kullo, dizi, kefa, gugu_yalanji, mabuiag, yay, atayal, cham, jingpho, boro, chatino, achumawi, yana, shasta, bribri, abipon, cofan, burushaski]). | | | segaff(n, [voiceless, retroflex, sibilant, affricate], [ostyak, mandarin, mazatec, tacana, jaqaru, basque, burushaski]). |
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http://www.langmaker.com/db/ups_burushaski.htm
(529 words)
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