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| | The International Phonetic Alphabet |
 | | Present participles ending in ‘ng’ are pronounced with a plain velar nasal, as is (consequently) the word “singer”, whereas in the words “finger” or “English”, the ‘ng” combination is a velar nasal followed by a velar plosive. | | | One sequence commonly found in many languages is the succession of a plosive by the corresponding fricative. | | | An empty square means that the sound is (presumably) possible, but no symbol has been defined (because no language uses it, or because it is just as convenient to use diacritics over an existing symbol). |
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http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/linguistic/ipa
(7060 words)
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| | Maya Symbol Set Information |
| | In addition, a third use has developed during the past few decades: 3) to represent the retroflexed fricative whenever this contrasted with the non-retroflexed variety (for which was commonly used). | | | The same type of logic involved in the choice of <#> instead of is relevant in these cases: it is related to the nature of the ASCII codes. | | | In this case, words starting with a dental fricative would appear inside the list of words starting with an alveolar stop - more particularly, they would appear after words starting with and before words starting with . |
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http://maya.hum.sdu.dk/mayansymbols.html
(1584 words)
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| | Proto-Indo-European Phonology |
| | Voiced stops occurred in somewhat more restricted environments than voiceless stops: they did not normally occur before other stops or fricatives (except across morpheme boundaries, where they may have developed by forward assimilation to another voiced consonant). | | | Different linguists have developed different sets of "laryngeals", while some have stuck to algebraic formulations, claiming that it is not possible to reconstruct the exact nature of these consonants. | | | The widespread occurrence of forward assimilation in IE languages suggests that /n/ = [ŋ] when immediately followed by a velar or labiovelar consonant: *yuwənkos = [juwəŋkos] 'young', *penk |
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http://www.tundria.com/Linguistics/pie-phonology.shtml
(828 words)
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| | The College of Weights, Measures, and Exactitudes |
| | Where Grœna treats g as a voiceless velar fricative ([ x ]) in the initial position (such as in the word glaif), the Blaewa and the Rauþøþlį have a voiced glottal fricative ([ h ]). | | | In Grœna, g is a voiceless velar fricative ([ x ]) when it occurs between two back vowels or finally. | | | In the other two languages, j is a voiceless palatal fricative ([ ç ]) before front vowels, a voiced postalveolar ficative ([ Z ]) before back vowels, as in Grœna, and mid-close front vowel [(I)] finally. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/ga3/arkan/differences.html
(710 words)
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| | Blogger: Email Post to a Friend |
| | I always thought that the study of computers is more jargon-ridden than any other field. | | | Finally, I can hold my head up, knowing that there are people who use words like egressive, monophthongs and velar fricative in normal conversation. | | | It was about the voiceless dorso-palatal fricative (also called voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative, voiceless coarticulated velar and palatoalveolar fricative and voiceless dorsovelar fricative.) |
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http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=6745536&postID=111907506467437479
(290 words)
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| | Ingush Phonology and Orthography |
| | The orthography currently in use in Ingushetia is based on the Russian cyrillic alphabet. | | | One additional letter, I, is used to represent ejectives (when occuring after a voiceless consonant) and pharyngeals (when occuring after a voiced consonant, word initially, or after a vowel). | | | All words begin with a consonant; the glottal stop is the phonetic realization of the zero initial. |
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http://ingush.berkeley.edu:7012/orthography.html
(345 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Consider the following data from the fictional Vulcan language. | | | The [x] stands for a voiceless velar fricative we don’t have in English which sounds like the last sound in the name of the German composer ‘Bach’ kata ‘ceremonial sword’ kopt ‘a kind of blue dragon’ akumo ‘shame’ axima ‘honor’ bak ‘robe’ baxi ‘a man’s ear’ Pick the answer which best fits the data. | | | Questions 13 through 15 are based on the five English words below: a. |
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http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/intro/NewMidterm.doc
(820 words)
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| | Voiceless velar fricative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | [x] is also a voiceless realisation of "h" at the end of the word or next to a voiceless consonant, e. | | | The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. | | | This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative
(749 words)
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| | Dalbor's Voice Files |
| | Palatal affricate [&;] pronounced as a fricative [š] by a Panamanian. | | | Palatal affricate [&;] pronounced as a fricative [š] by a Puerto Rican. | | | Palatal affricate [&;] pronounced as a fricative [š] by a Costa Rican. |
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http://www.auburn.edu/forlang/Spanish/FLSP0501/sppron25.htm
(87 words)
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Uvular R |
| | These consonants are usually found as a uvular trill (IPA //), a voiced uvular fricative (IPA //), a voiceless uvular fricative (IPA /χ/), or a voiceless velar fricative (IPA /x/, which is actually not uvular but usually evolves from an earlier uvular form). | | | These conventions were not as strictly adhered to in the various film and animation versions of Tolkien's works. | | | The choice to use R was simply a convenience for the language's orthographers, drawing on uvular association with R in continental northern European languages. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/U/UV/UVU/Uvular_R
(1354 words)
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| | Learn the Language of most of the Tanak |
| | Say the letters A, E, I, O, U. The letter U starts with the consonant "y", while the first four start with "aleph". | | | I think it might be the [Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative], but especially this needs confirmation. | | | This is not really used in english words but may be recognized by many english-speakers. |
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http://www.geocities.com/seek_for_Good_and_Truth/Learn_Biblical_Hebrew.htm
(876 words)
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| | The Daltaí Boards: Brilliant web-page |
| | There are several ways of showing palatalization and velarization in phonetic transcriptions, such as using superscript j for palatalization and superscript lower-case gamma for velarization. | | | For Irish, since this contrast is a basic feature of the sound system, the convention used is a less cumbersome one: b, k, d etc. for the velar and velarized consonants and b´, k´, d´ etc. for the palatal and palatalized ones. | | | After learning the IPA, students of Irish should not only use it to read phonetic transcriptions of isolated words and occasional short phrases, but read the dialect studies, which include whole dialectal texts (stories, poems, reminiscences) in IPA transcription, showing what happens to words in connected speech. |
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http://www.daltai.com/discus/messages/13510/13312.html?1106081144
(775 words)
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| | Velar consonant |
| | Palatalised velars (like English [k] in keen or cube) are sometimes referred to as palatovelars.\nMany languages also have labiovelar phonemes, including the approximant [w] and others given symbols like [k | | | Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum)\nagainst the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). | | | The velar consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are: {\n!IPA Symbol!!Name!!colspan="2"Example!!Meaning\n-\n |
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http://encyclopedia.codeboy.net/wikipedia/v/ve/velar_consonant.html
(199 words)
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| | Phonetics and Phonology |
| | There also are a number of dorsal consonants that may be hard for speakers of English to identify: the voiceless velar fricative /x/, the voiceless labialized velar fricative /xw/, the voiceless uvular fricative /Ê/, and the voiceless labialized uvular fricative /Êw/. | | | The uvulars are characterized the tongue dorsum making a constriction at the uvula while the velars form the constriction toward the back of the mouth (essentially the same positioning as the back vowels). | | | This "compresses the air behind the oral closure; when it is released, a sharp, crackling sound is produced." (Kenstowicz, 1994: 40) AmerIndian languages also customarily have such ejectives. |
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/ling202/Sketch/Phonetics.html
(464 words)
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Digraph (orthography) |
| | In some languages these indicate length, a stressed syllable or a new sound, and in some cases they are just part of the spelling convention. | | | This is a group of two letters, both of which are different. | | | Ll is the most common in English, though it represents no new sound, but that is not the case in other languages; Welsh's ll is a voiceless lateral, and in Spanish it is a palatalized l (Castilian only) or else a palatal fricative. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/D/DI/DIG/Digraph_(orthography)
(477 words)
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| | Wikilret Phonology |
| | The head word(s) is the modifier, the tail word is the base (as in English); so | | | Plosives are most frequent, followed by fricatives, then nasals and the trill, and finally approximants. | | | * except voiced cannot follow voiceless or vice versa |
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http://homepage.mac.com/sjcaldwell/Wikilret/phonology.html
(78 words)
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| | Lindiga: Phonology and Writing |
| | ch [x] -- a voiceless velar fricative; before i or j, pronounced as [ç] (equivalent to g). | | | Clusters of more than two consonants are not allowed, and both consonants in the cluster must be voiced or voiceless. | | | In other cases, both consonants remain voiceless: chaski [ˈxɑski] "seven", rnikga [ˈɳikxɑ] "mask". |
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http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/Lindiga/phonology.html
(923 words)
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| | Red Moon - Proto-Ingyrric |
| | z - voiced alveolar fricative /z/, as in English. | | | řř - voiceless uvular trill--if ř sounds like "ggggg", then řř sounds like "kkkkk". | | | rr - voiceless alveolar trill--if r sounds like "ddddd", then rr sounds like "ttttt". |
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http://www.midnightmist.net/redmoon/en/proto-ingyrric
(880 words)
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| | Homepage of Abu Jar M Akkas |
| | Unlike in the English sound system, [h^] is the principal phoneme and [h] is an allophone in Bangla while in English the case is the opposite. | | | In the English sound system, aspiration is expressed by a superscript h after the phoneme in IPA; but in Bangla, the aspiration is stronger and is shown by a full-sized h | | | But it is convenient to use /h/ for both types of instances as the difference is explicit as a rule |
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http://www.geocities.com/ajmakkas/ling3.html
(1496 words)
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| | Characteristics of modern Standard German (from West Germanic languages) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia |
| | German ç~x, spelled ch, is the voiceless velar fricative x after a, a, o, o, u, u, and au but is the voiceless palatal fricative ç in other phonetic environments. | | | German has the following consonants, given here in phonetic symbols because the spelling often varies: stops, p, b, t, d, k, g; fricatives, f, v, ç~x; sibilants, s, z, š, z; nasals, m, n, | | | The German sound z occurs only in loanwords… |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-74786
(768 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | This lexicon contains some alternate pronunciations of words, including the variants of the words with the morphophonemic marker "tEh marbUta" /B/. | | | In most words, orthographic /q/ is pronounced as a voiceless glottal stop in ECA. | | | However, in those somewhat rare instances where it is pronounced as a voiceless pharyngeal stop, its pronunciation is given as [Q]. |
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http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/CatalogList/LDC97L19/ar_lex.txt
(1142 words)
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| | The Greek Alphabet |
| | Notice that the second way of writing the lower case sigma is used exclusively when the letter appears at the end of a word (there is only one capital form); this rule has no exceptions. | | | There are sounds common in other languages that do not exist in Greek. | | | Contrary to English, the sound of the letter does not change at the beginning of a word (it does not become a [s]; Greeks have no trouble starting a word with [p]+[s]). |
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http://www.cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/harry/lan/grkphon.htm
(3768 words)
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| | Tirèlhat script and pronunciation |
| | (zh) A voiced post-alveolar fricative, [ʒ], as in "vision". | | | (sh) A voiceless post-alveolar fricative, [ʃ], as in "share". | | | (kh) A voiceless velar fricative, [x], as in "loch" or "Bach" (Spanish "baja", German "machen"). |
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http://www.io.com/~hmiller/lang/Tirelhat/script.html
(781 words)
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| | quechua ipa |
| | The following allophonic variations often occur in Quechua: | | | vowels /i/ and /u/--> [e] and [o] respectively (when next to uvular fricative) | | | alveolar nasal --> velar nasal (syllable finally except before apical consonants) |
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http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/nl-ipa/quechuaipa.html
(102 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 6.1641: "Gyros" Pronunciation |
| | In the United States, the other most common pronunciations seem to be the Anglicized /dZaI.rowz/ (like the first syllable of "gyroscope" with a /z/ on the end), used largely in the South and East Coast, and /hi.rowz/, apparently based on phonetic similarity with the (probably unrelated) "hero" sandwich. | | | In Greek, the word is spelled with an initial gamma, which is generally pronounced as a palatal glide before front vowels, so the posters in some gyros restaurants instructing customers to "Say yee-ros" are not bad guides to "authentic" pronunciation. | | | Apparently there is some dialectal variation even among native Greek speakers, however, and some pronounce the gamma as a voiced or voiceless velar fricative, or even as a voiced alveo-palatal fricative. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/6/6-1641.html
(249 words)
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| | Church Slavonic Pronunciation - Help Me Learn Church Slavonic |
| | Do and indicate any pronunciation information other than the hardness or softness of the preceding consonant? | | | voiceless palatal fricative; tongue very low, rather dorsal; voiceless counterpart to ; hard consonant | | | voiceless dental affricate; articulated with the tongue very low; hard consonant: the following vowel must be a back vowel regardless of how it is written |
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http://justin.zamora.com/slavonic/alphabet/pronunciation.html
(499 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | It is unclear why the cluster `ht' is permissible; some linguists hypothesize the presence of a voiceless equivalent to d^ that eventually shifted to modern "ht". |
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http://home.comcast.net/~pgdt/utuai.html
(1603 words)
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| | IPA - UniLang Wiki |
| | This page was last modified 11:21, 17 January 2006. | | | Note 1: Symbols in the left are voiceless; symbols in the right are voiced. | | | Note 2: Shaded areas represent articulations judged impossible. |
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http://home.unilang.org/main/wiki2/index.php/IPA
(84 words)
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