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| | Vowel harmony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Vowel harmony is a grammaticalized feature of phonotactics, thus it may not work as expected from pure phonology, as evidenced by tuotteeseensa (not *tuotteeseensä). | | | For example, the vowel in the aorist suffix appears as /u/ when it follows a /u/ in the root, but when it follows all other vowels it appears as /i/. | | | In many languages, vowels can be said to belong to particular classes, such as back vowels or rounded vowels, etc. Some languages have more than one system of harmony. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synharmonism
(2239 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 9.776: Dominant-Recessive Harmony |
| | If you happen to know of a language with a vowel harmony system that is not exactly dominant-recessive but that has a vowel or class of vowels that behaves in a dominant fashion (by imposing itself on all other vowels regardless of its position in the word), this would be very useful too. | | | rci.rutgers.edu ========================= Original message: ========================= I'm interested in dominant-recessive vowel harmony systems; that is, ones in which the presence of a member of a one class of vowels (the "dominant" class) anywhere in the word requires that all other vowels in the word be members of that class. | | | sil.org There are quite a few Nilo-Saharan languages which are described as having dominant ATR vowel harmony systems in which (1) all root vowels agree in their value of ATR and (2) a +ATR suffix will cause one or more preceding -ATR root vowels to become +ATR. |
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http://www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/linguist/issues/9/9-776.html
(1091 words)
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| | The Zhyler Vowel Harmony System |
| | What you're looking for is which suffixes vowel matches with the stem vowel in terms of classification. | | | And, rather than listing all the possible variants of every suffix in the Zhyler language (or any language with vowel harmony), linguists (and I) have found it useful to introduce the idea of an underspecified vowel. | | | Say you have the bare stem pet, which means nothing, and you want to turn it into a class five noun (see the section on noun classes). |
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http://dedalvs.free.fr/zhyler/vharmony.html
(937 words)
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| | Adventures in Vowel Harmony 2003 |
| | Summer 2003: Modelling the emergence and subsequent dispersion of vowel harmony in artificial agent populations, with an impetus from homophony. | | | To find the probabilities of vowel classes in syllables, I use a Maximum Likelihood Estimate and assume P(f&1)=#front vowels in first syllable / number of words. | | | I added methods to Bug.m, Word.m, and ModelSwarm.m to calculate vowel distributions and the expected harmony levels for individual agent lexica. |
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http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/04/ethomfo1/research/rarchive5.html
(1045 words)
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| | multilingua.info - Turkish / Uzbek / Uighur: Vowel Harmony II – What is vowel harmony? |
| | For actually learning a vowel harmony language, the first thing you’ll need to do is to consult a decent grammar to find out which vowels change in which ways and when. | | | With all those particles to tack on, it’s hard to find a convenient way of slurring through the whole mess so that you don’t sound like a robot talking. | | | An introduction to basic concepts and vocabulary items of use in learning Turkic languages. |
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http://www.gbarto.com/multilingua/turk1/blog/2004/08/vowel-harmony-ii-what-is-vowel-harmony.html
(776 words)
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| | Gweydr Vowel Harmony |
| | What that means is that if the high underspecified vowel, for example, occurs next to a high value, it's value will be identical to that of the previous vowel. | | | Looking just at the first underspecified vowel, A, the vowels é, e, í, and i occur in both environments. | | | Since i is the only vowel, and since í is [-back], the version of the vowel used in the prefix is the fronted version, and so we get âlgrí, "as an oak tree". |
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http://dedalvs.free.fr/gweydr/vharmony.html
(1583 words)
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| | Citations: The role of similarity in hungarian vowel harmony: A connectionist account - Hare (ResearchIndex) |
| | Since the same vowels can be harmonic in some contexts and transparent to harmony in others, the problem has typically been dealt with by positing a number of derivational sources for the segments in question. | | | used a Jordan (1986) style neural network to investigate Hungarian vowel harmony, in particular, transparent vowels which neither display harmony themselves, nor block the spread of the harmonizing feature to other vowels. | | | first performs simulations on bit patterns and then does neural network simulations on bit patterns that represent the features of Hungarian vowels. |
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http://citeseer.lcs.mit.edu/context/329071/0
(950 words)
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| | Adventures in Vowel Harmony 2003 |
| | Summer 2003: Modelling the emergence and subsequent dispersion of vowel harmony in artificial agent populations, with an impetus from homophony. | | | Make spreadsheet of vowel distributions in all corpora, front/back. | | | All of today will be spent in preparation for reporting all I've done to David tomorrow. |
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http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/04/ethomfo1/research/rarchive6.html
(468 words)
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| | Adventures in Vowel Harmony 2003 |
| | Previously, the program looked at the class of the first syllable in the word, then if any subsequent syllable was in the other class, the word was disharmonic. | | | Otherwise, if you find a "wrong class" vowel, the word is disharmonic. | | | There is no mishearing built in to the harmonisation algorithm. |
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http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/04/ethomfo1/research/rarchive3.html
(1019 words)
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| | Adventures in Vowel Harmony 2003 |
| | I added a new field to the program to account for languages like Hungarian, so now the user is prompted to enter neutral vowels before the other classes. | | | It must work for languages with no neutral vowels, as well. | | | When I finish this, I will have to re-run all the harmony corpora. |
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http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/04/ethomfo1/research/rarchive1.html
(917 words)
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| | Vowel Harmony in Oroqen |
| | For native vocabulary there is rounding harmony, though it will be for students to understand how it operates based on the forms above. | | | The harmony always involves the feature ATR (advanced tongue root) [or alternatively, tenseness or RTR--retracted tongue root]. | | | The data in this problem are taken from the Central dialect of the language. |
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http://journals.dartmouth.edu/webobjbin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/1/article/201?htmlAlways=yes
(475 words)
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| | Vowel Harmony |
| | The vowel ‘i’ is considered neutral and can occur in back and front vowel words. | | | Examples containing the neutral vowel ‘i’ which are classed as front-vowel words | | | Words in which all the vowels are ‘i’ are classed as front vowel words. |
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http://www.linguamongolia.co.uk/vowelharmony.html
(128 words)
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| | LabPhon 8 - Abstracts |
| | In summary, our results indicate a production advantage with front/back vowel harmony at the word level, and are consistent with an explanation in terms of articulatory economy, and less clearly, in terms of a speech planning economy. | | | We consider the null results for /g/ in light of the greater tendency for intervocalic /g/ to lenite in prosodically weak positions in fast speech, compared with /k/ and /b/. | | | Vowel harmony may also result in an economy at a "higher" level of speech planning. |
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http://www.ling.yale.edu/labphon8/Poster_Abstracts/Cole.html
(676 words)
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| | Adventures in Vowel Harmony 2003 |
| | Summer 2003: Modelling the emergence and subsequent dispersion of vowel harmony in artificial agent populations, with an impetus from homophony. | | | backed up all my files on penguin, printed vowel spreadsheet, looked for patterns in simulation data | | | This is because agents pick from this lexcion at random and there is no way to determine what the actual lexica will be. |
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http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/04/ethomfo1/research
(268 words)
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| | Vowel Harmony |
| | I study these patterns (1) empirically (in the field in Siberia), (2) by devising formal models, and (3) by building simulations of artificial speech communities. | | | In collaboration with my students, I've developed a web tool to detect harmony patterns in languages. | | | I am particularly interested in a set of complex, emergent patterns known under the umbrella term vowel harmony. |
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http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/dharris2/vowelharmony.php
(108 words)
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| | Find in a Library: Vowel harmony and correspondence theory |
| | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. | | | Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Vowel harmony. | | | To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above. |
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http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/b4262a6f2b5c7e50a19afeb4da09e526.html
(62 words)
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| | LinguaLinks Library Contents: An Introduction to ATR Vowel Harmony in African Languages |
| | There is an extensive review of the articulatory basis of VH and a detailed analysis of VH in various types of vowel systems. | | | Ethnologue > Software Tools > LinguaLinks > LinguaLinks Library > Linguistics bookshelf > An Introduction to ATR Vowel Harmony in African Languages | | | Part 1 introduces "classic" VH, dominant harmony and types of vowel systems that commonly exhibit vowel harmony as well as observations about languages that do not follow anticipated patterns. |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/LL_docs/show_bookdesc.asp?bookid=66
(261 words)
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| | Symmetry: Vowel Systems - Babel Babble - UniLang |
| | Just to conclude this brief essay, I shall say that the reason that vowels and vowel systems show certain cross linguistic tendencies to dispersion is somehow Darwinian: more dispersed systems are easier to perceive than less dispersed ones. | | | Symmetry: Vowel Systems - Babel Babble - UniLang | | | Fewer languages have square-like systems and as the number of vowels in languages increases, the space between the vowels, obviously, becomes smaller, and symmetry less apparent. |
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http://home.unilang.org/bb/index.php?n=19&t=11
(626 words)
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| | Language Miniatures 133: Vowel harmony |
| | But now imagine that instead of pathless, windless, needless, gutless, formless we pronounced and wrote pathlass, windliss, needleess, gutluss, formloss, where the suffix has a number of forms depending on the vowel of the word it’s attached to. | | | Turkish vowel harmony presents many other complexities which we can’t go into here, but this much ought to be enough to illustrate that it is indeed a very striking feature of the ways words are formed in this language. | | | A given suffix may have several forms depending upon the nature of a vowel or consonant it is attached to. |
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http://home.bluemarble.net/~langmin/miniatures/vowelharm.htm
(775 words)
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| | Vowel Harmony -- Language and Linguistics Discussion Board |
| | When a word has more than one syllable, the vowels in that word will generally belong to the same class, although there may be neutral vowels in that word. | | | Vowel Harmony occurs in the Uralic languages, the Altaic languages, as well as in Japanese and Korean, which has caused some linguistis to put all of these languages into one super family called the Ural-Altaic Language Family. | | | It is when all the vowels in a word belong to a certain class, either front, back and neutral, which can be both front and back vowels. |
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http://www.voy.com/129749/1366.html
(215 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | In practical terms this means that which vowel actually occurs in a grammatical form depends on the vowel environment in which the form occurs. | | | More specifically, the vowel of the interrogative particle m~6, for example, is determined by the vowel contained in the syllable immediately preceding m~6. | | | Is Ayse Hanim a professor?')) insDoc(aux2, gLnk(2,'~arnek 7','','et16.au','er16.gif','Ses uyumu (Vowel harmony) -- (a-~6), (e-i), (o-u), (~5-~4) (Vowel harmony) |
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http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~ncagilta/text/LG11.data
(865 words)
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| | Vowel harmony and stem identity |
| | I formalize the proposed analysis in terms of stem-affixed form faith-fulness in Optimality Theory and compare it with likely alternatives. | | | This analysis accounts most parsimoniously for the core empirical generalization of root-outward harmony: that stem vowels never alter-nate to agree with affix vowels even if the only alternative is for stem and affix to dis-agree. | | | I propose that root-outward harmony is subject to a condition that a stem not be phonologically altered under affixation. |
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http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucsdling/sdlp1/2
(143 words)
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| | Abstracts |
| | In the workshop offered we would show some weak points of the analyses provided so far and propose alternative approaches which account for the phenomena outlined above using the devices of GP in a more efficient and less stipulative way. | | | As a conclusion it will turn out that the application of the devices is limited by the implicational relations, and the devices themselves have such relations. | | | The analysis of the vowel system and vowel harmony of "standard Mòoré" (=the dialect of Ouagadougou) which I previously proposed (1988, 1992) is called into question by data from northern dialects presented by R. Kabore (1994). |
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http://www.univie.ac.at/linguistics/gp/gp96abs.htm
(801 words)
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| | Swarm Primer for Vowel Harmony Simulation |
| | *maximumProbabilityHarmony (0.9) - multiplied by an agent's lexical harmony level to calculate probHarmonicGivenDisharmoicBasedOnBugLexicon, the chance that an agent will harmonise an incoming word. | | | In other words, if the chance of harmonising incoming words is less than this threshold, the incoming word will not be harmonised. | | | He checks to see if this word is homophonic with any of the other entries in his lexicon. |
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http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/04/ethomfo1/research/primer.html
(731 words)
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| | Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2003018529 |
| | Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding. | | | Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Grammar, Comparative and general Vowel harmony | | | Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog. |
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http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip048/2003018529.html
(80 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 15.1954: Vowel Harmony Acquisition; Pseudoword Database |
| | We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. | | | Does anyone know of acquisition studies done in vowel harmony languages, or even just resources that have data from children's speech in languages with vowel harmony ?? | | | I'm aware of the ARC database, but it contains only monosyllabic pseudowords. |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/15/15-1954.html
(204 words)
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| | Verb Tenses / Igék 2. |
| | Vowel harmony is one of the most important grammar rules in Hungarian. | | | To remember easier, use the word autó, which has 3 of the the back vowels in it. | | | Front words have just front vowels in them: kenyér, hideg, felhő, zöld. |
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http://www.hungarotips.com/hungarian/vharmon.html
(332 words)
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| | Vowel harmony - UniLang Wiki |
| | Vowel harmony means that there are certain types of vowels that always go together in a word. | | | In Finnish for example the back vowels a/o/u (/a/,/o/,u/) always go together in a word, and so do the front vowels ä/ö/y (/æ/,/ø/,y/). | | | Vowel harmony makes it a easier for the listener to split up continuous (spoken) language into words. |
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http://home.unilang.org/main/wiki2/wiki.phtml?title=Vowel_harmony
(174 words)
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| | SIL Bibliography: Vowel harmony |
| | Vowel harmonies of the Congo Basin: An Optimality Theory analysis of variation in the Bantu zone C. Morgan, David J. Vowel harmony, syllable structure and the causative extension in a Bantu language - Lobala: a government phonology account. | | | "Vowel harmony in Alur: On the crossroads of two systems." | | | Kroeger, Paul R. "Vowel harmony systems in three Sabahan languages." |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_subject.asp?code=VHA
(162 words)
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| | Search Results for harmony - Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | In any one word, only vowels from one set may occur. | | | A widespread phonological feature of Niger-Congo languages is that vowels fall into two sets: i e {schwa} o u and a {open o}. | | | Provides information on the managing body and affiliated projects in the field of peace, health, and livelihood. |
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http://www.britannica.com/search?query=harmony&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT
(496 words)
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| | Somali ATR harmony |
| | Vowel harmony is the rule that within a certain range all vowels have to match, i.e. | | | The Somali front-back pairs participate in a system of vowel harmony at the level of the phonological word or perhaps some larger phrasal category. | | | However, inflectional endings and the functional categories of determiners, conjunctions, verbal pronouns, auxiliary verbs, classifers and focus words are variable: their vowels can be either from the front or back series and will tend to match neighbouring lexical categories... |
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Spring_1998/ling202/atr.html
(677 words)
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| | The Study Abroad Information Source |
| | The vowel harmony refers to the agreement between the vowels in the root of a word and the vowels in the word's suffix or suffixes. | | | Thus, most suffixes have a double form, one with a front vowel (e.g., e, i, ö, ü) to match a root with a front vowel, and one with a back vowel (e.g., a, u, o, u) to match a root with a back vowel. | | | According to www.encyclopedia.com, in an agglutinative language, different linguistic elements, each of which exists separately and has a fixed meaning, are often joined to form one word. |
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http://www.studyabroad.com/lom/turkish.html
(412 words)
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| | ePrintsUQ - Vowel Harmony in Jingulu |
| | The purpose of this article is thus threefold: to describe a fascinating phonological phenomenon, to formulate accurate generalisations which capture the phenomenon, and to bring the phenomenon within the range of current theories. | | | Jingulu, a language of North-Central Australia, exhibits a pattern of regressive vowel harmony which is not only difficult to characterise accurately in descriptive terms, but also poses challenges for current theories of vowel harmony. |
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http://eprint.uq.edu.au/archive/00000444
(110 words)
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| | Comparison of Vowel Harmony Between Modern Turkish and |
| | The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the vowel harmony in Modern Turkish and Middle Korean and then contrast the two languages. | | | In contrasting of the two languages, the reason for choosing the Middle Korean is that vowel harmony was strictly observed in Middle Korean compare to the other stages of the Korean Language. | | | In the case of Modern Turkish, vowel harmony has been preserved so far, but in the case of middle Korean vowel harmony has gradually disappeared, so this problem need to be settled some time in the near future. |
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http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~linguist/thesis/1997MS-turker-L.html
(361 words)
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| | Linguistics: an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences: Vowel harmony, centralization, and peripherality: ... |
| | Linguistics: an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences: Vowel harmony, centralization, and peripherality: the case of Pasiego(*). | | | Abstract Although many different cases of vowel harmony can be found in the world's languages, there is a general consensus that they can all be classified into three basic types: frontness or palatal harmony,, roundness or labial harmony, and ATR or height harmony. | | | Rather, there is every indication that it involves a process of centralization that, it will be argued, can best be captured in terms of vowel peripherality. |
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http://newssearch.looksmart.com/p/articles/mi_hb195/is_200101/ai_hibm1G174221571
(310 words)
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| | Turkish Vowel Harmony |
| | You can hear how it sounds with this quite wonderful inexpensive software from the | | | So if the vowels in the root are formed in the back of the mouth (a, undotted 'i', o, u), as in banka (bank), you add -lar to make bankalar (banks). | | | Luckily, my students at Izmir Koleji were well-behaved most of the time, and I didn't ever have to say that sentence for real. |
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http://turkeytravelplanner.com/TravelDetails/LanguageGuide/VowelHarmony.html
(233 words)
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| | Regular and Consistent - Learn Turkish |
| | So, for example, if you hear a multi-vowel word in which the first vowel sounds like an a, then it's likely that the second vowel you hear is going to be a or an | | | Because of the rule of consistent vowel harmony, it's downright hard to misspell a word in Turkish...and if you can't misspell it, it's hard also to mispronounce it. | | | Thus, you can be rather sure that the word aç |
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http://learnturkish.freeservers.com/turkish-is-consistent.html
(679 words)
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| | vowel harmony |
| | a phonological rule in some languages, as Hungarian and Turkish, requiring that the vowels of a word all share a specified feature, such as front or back articulation, thereby conditioning the form that affixes may take, as in forming the Turkish plurals |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/A0729619.html
(59 words)
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| | the clan |
| | That is the Great Vowel Shift which occurred in the English Language in the 15th and 16th centuries. | | | There seems to be no one explanation for why it occurred, but it may help to explain the change in the spelling of our name, beginning in the 16th century, from Naper to Napier. | | | All the sounds of English vowels and diphthongs changed. |
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http://www.napier.ac.uk/depts/clan_napier/theclan.htm
(2664 words)
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| | LINGUIST List 9.263: all-every,Vowel Harmony,Irc/Electr.Chat Lang |
| | I have seen this to some extent in Telugu, and I'm wondering how widespread the phenomenon is. Please respond to me personally, and I'll post a summary to the list if there are enough responses. | | | Has anyone on the list ever run across a situation where a language has both: (a) regressive vocalic assimilation of the classic umlaut type, proceeding from suffix to adjacent root AND (b) progressive vocalic assimilation of the classic vowel harmony type, proceeding from root to suffix(es)? |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/9/9-263.html
(306 words)
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| | Meadow Mari Grammar - Vowel Harmony |
| | In addition, it is visible in the numbers divisible by ten: лу ten, коло two-tens, кумло three-tens, витле five-tens, etc. Note that the -лV is changes based on the vowels in the first part of the word. | | | Vowel harmony in Meadow Mari is not as extensive as it is in Finnish: |
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http://www.uta.fi/~km56049/mari/vowelharmony.html
(51 words)
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| | Amazon.ca: Vowel Harmony and Correspondence Theory: Books |
| | Write an online review and share your thoughts with other shoppers! | | | Look for books like Vowel Harmony and Correspondence Theory by subject: | | | Use Your Account to view or change your orders |
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http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/3110179482
(167 words)
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