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| | [No title] |
 | | With an input low vowel in the second syllable, only an output low vowel in that position is possible. | | | The pattern of vowel height distribution in (45b) is typical of positional neutralization without harmony: a relatively marked element is permitted in a privileged position, such as the initial syllable, but cannot be created in other positions via multiple-linking. | | | Consider the tableau in (35), where a sequence of input high vowels is examined. |
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http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/234-1297/roa-234-beckman-3.doc
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| | Ling 60 Writing rules |
| | There are no vowels anywhere in the data set that would be exceptions to Generalization #2, so by the standard criterion of generality, we want to make our description of the phenomenon apply to the language as a whole, not specifically to the neuter and applied suffixes. | | | The problem is that "high vowels or low vowels, but not mid vowels" (the environment for the rule according to Hypothesis B) is not a natural class. | | | There are examples in the data set that show that a low vowel remains unchanged even when it follows a mid vowel. |
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http://www.unc.edu/~jlsmith/ling60/rules.html
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| | VOWEL FACTS AND INFORMATION |
| | The features of vowel prosody are usually considered not to apply to the vowel itself, but to the syllable, as some languages do not contrast vowel length separately from syllable length. | | | The semantic significance of vowels varies widely depending on the language. | | | Other languages add diacritical marks to vowels, such as accents or umlauts, to represent the variety of possible vowel sounds. |
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http://www.witwib.com/?s=Vowel
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| | Polder Dutch |
| | This measure is implemented by computing (a) the euclidian distance between the reference endpoints, (b) the euclidian distance between the /Ei/ onset and the /a/ reference value, and (c) the percentage of b relative to a. | | | The degree of diphthongization is then expressed in a straightforward fashion by computing the distance between the onset (25%) and the offset (75%) vowel quality. | | | Such occurrences of off-target realizations vowel tokens cannot be avoided, and should not be avoided, when strictly applying the textual selection criteria for inclusion of tokens in the dataset. |
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http://cf.hum.uva.nl/poldernederlands/english/lin_polder.htm
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| | HLW: Word Forms: Units: Vowels |
| | If every vowel has a height value and a backness value, then we can visualize all of the possible vowels in a two-dimensional space known as vowel space. | | | Another, equivalent way to talk about the difference between these vowels is in terms of features; [i] and [u] have the feature high, while [α] has the feature low. | | | We will see further examples with English vowels and in the grammar of various languages. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/PhonUnits/vowels.html
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| | Articles - Close-mid front unrounded vowel |
| | Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. | | | In GA, this vowel occurs only as the first part of the diphthong [e̞ɪ], as in late [le̞ɪt], play [ple̞ɪ]. | | | In RP, this vowel occurs only as the first part of the diphthong [eɪ], as in late [leɪt], play [pleɪ]. |
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http://www.gaple.com/articles/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel
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| | [No title] |
| | Knowing correct vowel qualities and their influence on the environment, therefore, will help both teachers and students to produce correct sounds in a target language. | | | Yavas tested this idea with the data from 19 speakers of different languages that do not contain any stop in the final position. | | | One analysis was done with a Speech Analyzer Program (SAP). |
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http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/flesa/tpfle/contents8.doc
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| | [No title] |
| | They suggested that the singulars must have received the vowel with Schleifton through analogical lengthening from the plural, which therefore must also have had Schleifton at the time analogical lengthening (AL) took place. | | | In such cases, there may be metrical repercussions if the language were to acquire long vowels in this way for the first time, and becomes quantity-sensitive as a result, but nothing resembling a Stosston is to be expected. | | | In this section, it will be argued that none of these can be held responsible for the origin of the lexical tone, and that the first two factors are at best contexts that detremined the distribution of the lexical H-tone, once it had arisen independently. |
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http://lands.let.kun.nl/projects/sprach4.doc
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| | A Letter to Science |
| | I conducted computer simulations using a variant of SRN with continuous vowel height and continuous place of articulation. | | | Because these features are mutually independent, learning of one feature does not generalize to aother. | | | This page contains (1) The reason why an SRN network is able to learn the stimuli, (2) A description of the simulation program directory, (3) Simulation results, and (4) Conclusion. |
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http://psychology.rutgers.edu/~negishi/sci.html
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| | Vowels |
| | The first aspect of vowel classification that you will be introduced to is that of tongue height. | | | These classifications are quite relative, as different languages have different canonical tongue heights for different classifications. | | | These are vowels whose tongue positions are roughly between the high and low vowels. |
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http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lsp/Phonetics/Vowels/Phonetics4b.html
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| | The role of F0 in vowel perception |
| | of vowels might be given by the tonotopic distances | | | the perceived degree of openness of these vowels | | | as large as in these synthetic vowels have also been observed in natural speech [7]. |
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http://www.ling.su.se/staff/hartmut/i.htm
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| | Untitled |
| | However, the distance between vowel positions is not even invariant across speakers, and is certainly not equidistant. | | | Jones's view of vowel classification was informed by his study of a few X-rays (see Jones 1956, ¶ 134). | | | Butcher, A. (1982) Cardinal Vowels and Other Problems. |
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http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/~jcoleman/VOWELPROBS.htm
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| | Vowel Theories |
| | Compatibly, no languages do not appear to have vowels that can vary between | | | Vowels repesented as points in a quadrilateral that represent the positions of the | | | Vowels are dispersed in the phonetic space (tongue position, rounding) in such a way as to maximize auditory differences among the vowels. |
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http://www.ling.yale.edu:16080/ling120/Vowels/Vowel_Theories.html
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| | Table of Contents |
| | Ratios of nasal to oral-plus-nasal airflow were calculated for the initial vowel of both utterances at each of the intensity levels. | | | The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vowel height and vocal intensity on the magnitude of anticipatory nasal airflow in normal speakers when producing vowel-nasal-vowel (VNV) sequences. | | | Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures indicated a significant main effect of intensity level and a significant vowel-by-sex interaction effect (p |
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http://www.asha.org/about/publications/journal-abstracts/jslhr/44/01?articleabstract=52
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| | Linguistics Homepage |
| | Subsequent measurements of two females speakers yielded a quite different pattern: for VF0, [i] > [e] > [?] in all contexts, while CF0 differed in a variety of ways that could not be consistently related to prosodic context. | | | Thus, as in other work, VF0 differences between vowels contrasting in height depend on the vowels’ prosodic prominence. | | | The so-called “intrinsic F0” (here VF0) differences between vowels differing in height have been observed in all languages where F0 has been measured in vowels differing in height (Whalen & Levitt, 1995), and they are even observed in infants’ babbling in the first year of life (Whalen, Levitt, Hsiao, Smorodinsky, 1995). |
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http://semlab2.sbs.sunysb.edu/events/col/abstracts/kingston.html
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| | SIL Bibliography: Vowel harmony |
| | Vowel harmonies of the Congo Basin: An Optimality Theory analysis of variation in the Bantu zone C. Morgan, David J. Vowel harmony, syllable structure and the causative extension in a Bantu language - Lobala: a government phonology account. | | | "Vowel harmony in Alur: On the crossroads of two systems." | | | Kroeger, Paul R. "Vowel harmony systems in three Sabahan languages." |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_subject.asp?code=VHA
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| | Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology |
| | The following module examines the vowel systems of a number of languages as well as the vowels of several dialects of English:- | | | Vowel features will also be dealt with in the module on:- | | | The material outlined in these course notes needs to be supplemented by reading from other sources. |
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http://panania.ling.mq.edu.au/units/ling210-901/phonetics/vowels
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| | Somali ATR harmony |
| | Vowel harmony is the rule that within a certain range all vowels have to match, i.e. | | | The Somali front-back pairs participate in a system of vowel harmony at the level of the phonological word or perhaps some larger phrasal category. | | | However, inflectional endings and the functional categories of determiners, conjunctions, verbal pronouns, auxiliary verbs, classifers and focus words are variable: their vowels can be either from the front or back series and will tend to match neighbouring lexical categories... |
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http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Spring_1998/ling202/atr.html
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| | Phonetics and Phonology |
| | These vowel positions represent typical vowel productions by young Australian speakers from Sydney in the early 1990s and are more representative of current Australian speech patterns than is the pattern in figure 2. | | | Bernard's data for /e:/ is included here for comparison, even though he still treated this vowel as a centring diphthong (/eə/) rather than a monophthong. | | | These vowel positions represent typical vowel production by Australian speakers in the early 1960s and therefore represent the vowel patterns of some older Australians. |
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http://www.ling.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/vowelgraphs/AusE_Monophthongs.html
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| | Vowel height - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The International Phonetic Alphabet identifies 7 different vowel heights, although no language distinguishes all 7: | | | This page was last modified 19:30, 7 August 2005. | | | The first formant of a vowel (F1) usually corresponds to vowel height, with a higher F1 corresponding to a lower vowel height and a lower F1 corresponding to a higher vowel height. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_height
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| | The roles of distinctive and redundant features in the production of the short A and E vowel contrast by L1 German ... |
| | These subjects produced Short A and E words ending in /t/ and /d/ in a word list, a reading passage and a word game task. | | | Short A and E are the vowels in the words bat and bet. | | | This dissertation examined the roles of the distinctive feature of vowel height and the nondistinctive features of duration, word-final [t] and [d], and attention to speech in promoting L1 German speakers, production of the Short A and E contrast. |
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http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9976442
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| | [No title] |
| | No fixed reference for vowels in remaining space | | | The space within the vowel chart (i.e., the vowel space) = continuum of possible qualities | | | Other symbols will be slightly different for each vowel space |
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http://www.cs.indiana.edu/~adamlear/l306/final_cardinalv.html
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| | Effects of varying F1 - F0 Bark distance |
| | The present study further tested these possibilities, using back vowels. | | | Further, the [+/-high] identification function was defined by a sharp boundary located at 3 to 3.5 Bark F1-F0 distance. | | | The results allowed us to reject both as general explanations of vowel height perception. |
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http://www.ling.su.se/STAFF/hartmut/fadi_abs.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | vowel_depth#:=8u#; %the space between the baseline and the vowels. | | | If you find this font useful, a %contribution to charity will be most appreciated. | | | (2.5u#) chupchiklength#:=6u#; vowel_width#:=14u#; %width of vowels under the letters. |
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http://www.shamash.org/computers/hebrew-fonts/hclassic/hcaption.mf
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