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| | Wi-Fi Protected Access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | WPA firmware upgrades have been provided for the vast majority of wireless network interface cards ever shipped; 802.11 access points sold before 2003 generally needed to be replaced. | | | WPA is designed to work with all wireless network interface cards, but not necessarily with first generation wireless access points. | | | WPA was created by The Wi-Fi Alliance, an industry trade group, which owns the trademark to the Wi-Fi name and certifies devices that carry that name. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access
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| | What's New in Security: WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) |
| | A Certificate Authority Server is part of the recommended configuration, to allow WPA computers assurance that the computers with whom they share keys are who they claim. | | | To run WPA between two computers both must have WPA software, and all access points and wireless adapters between them, as well. | | | WPA computers will communicate with WEP encryption, if they cannot use WPA with a particular device. |
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http://kbserver.netgear.com/kb_web_files/n101190.asp
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| | Wi-Fi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Although most newer wireless products support the much improved Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) protocol, many first-generation access points cannot be upgraded in the field and have to be replaced to support it. | | | Wi-Fi networks support roaming, in which a mobile client station such as a laptop computer can move from one access point to another as the user moves around a building or area. | | | Older access points frequently do not support adequate security measures to protect against a determined attacker armed with a packet sniffer and the ability to switch MAC addresses. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi
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| | Buffalo Technology (USA) Inc. - Welcome |
| | WPA was also developed in a fashion that will allow legacy devices to be upgraded with Wi-Fi Protected Access™ without requiring costly hardware upgrades. | | | WPA provides Wi-Fi wireless LAN users with a high level of assurance that their data will remain safe and protected and that only authorized users can access the network. | | | Users will also require the WPA firmware associated with their AirStation Base Station as well as the software listed below. |
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http://www.buffalotech.com/wireless/support/faq/wpa.php
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| | Addison Wesley Professional - Real 802.11 Security: Wi-Fi Protected Access and 802.11i |
| | Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) repairs weaknesses in existing Wi-Fi systems and is designed to allow software upgrades. | | | Real 802.11 Security: Wi-Fi Protected Access and 802.11i is a very good book for those who are concerned with wireless security, or should I say, wireless insecurity. | | | WPA has been specifically designed to allow software upgrade of most existing Wi-Fi systems. |
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http://safari.awprofessional.com/0321136209
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| | WPA Security Enhancements |
| | WPA with TKIP, however, uses 48-bit IVs that significantly reduce IV reuse and the possibility that a hacker will collect a sufficient number of 802.11 frames to crack the encryption. | | | With WPA, an environment having many different types of 802.11 radio NICs, such as | | | WPA is also capable of operating in what's known as "pre-shared key mode" if no external authentication server is available, such as in homes and small offices. |
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http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/2148721
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| | Define Wi-Fi Protected Access - a Whatis.com definition - see also: WPA |
| | Wi-Fi Protected Access is a subset of and will be compatible with IEEE 802.11i (sometimes referred to as WPA2), a security standard under development. | | | Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security standard for users of computers equipped with Wi-Fi wireless connection. | | | WPA provides more sophisticated data encryption than WEP and also provides user authentication (WEP's user authentication is considered insufficient). |
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http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci887323,00.html
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| | Wi-Fi Alliance - Knowledge Center - Glossary - www.wi-fi.org |
| | The first time a user wants access to the network, secure files or net locations, he or she must input his or her name and password and submit it over the network to the RADIUS server. | | | WPA was developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance and addresses all known WEP vulnerabilities. | | | Software routines that are embedded as read-only memory (ROM) in a computer chip or hardware device to prevent modification of the routines. |
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http://www.wi-fi.org/OpenSection/glossary.asp?TID=2
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| | Wi-Fi Protected Access Data Encryption and Integrity - The Cable Guy – November 2004 |
| | Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), as described in the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Overview Cable Guy article, is an interim industry standard that makes 802.11 wireless LAN networking secure through a firmware upgrade to 802.11-based wireless network adapters and wireless access points (APs). | | | WPA replaces Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) with the combination of the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), which provides data confidentiality through encryption, and Michael, which provides data integrity. | | | Unlike WEP, which uses a single key for unicast data encryption and typically a separate key for multicast and broadcast data encryption, WPA uses a set of four different keys for each wireless client-wireless AP pair (known as the pairwise temporal keys) and a set of two different keys for multicast and broadcast traffic. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg1104.mspx
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| | Upgrading to Wi-Fi protected access |
| | WPA is a Wi-Fi Alliance snapshot of the draft IEEE 802.11i security standard. | | | Netgear: Free WPA firmware upgrades will be available for the ME103 802.11b ProSafe Wireless AP in July, with the WG602 54 Mbps Wireless AP, WGR614 54Mbps Cable/DSL Wireless Router, and WG511/WAG511 CardBus adapters to follow. | | | WPA uses the same encryption engine as WEP, which means that upgrades can be supplied as firmware upgrades instead of new hardware. |
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http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid7_gci905077,00.html
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| | Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) Overview: The Cable Guy - May 2005 |
| | Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is an interim standard adopted by the Wi-Fi Alliance to provide more secure encryption and data integrity while the IEEE 802.11i standard was being ratified. | | | With WPA, wireless network devices could be upgraded through a firmware update because the WPA security features leveraged the existing computational facilities designed for WEP. | | | With WPA2, however, a wireless AP that does not have the computational facilities to perform the more complex calculations for AES CCMP cannot be upgraded through a firmware update and must be replaced. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg0505.mspx
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| | wi fi protected access information resources and websites |
| | Wi-Fi* Protected Access and Intel® Centrino_ Mobile Technology Deliver a Robust Foundation for Wireless Security -... | | | Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE802.11i draft... | | | Wi-Fi Protected Access is part of the IEEE 802.11i standard... |
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http://www.secrethiddenpowers.com/2/36/wi-fi-protected-access.html
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| | WPA definition - Small Business Computing Online Dictionary of IT Terms: Powered by Webopedia |
| | Short for Wi-Fi Protected Access, a Wi-Fi standard that was designed to improve upon the security features of WEP. | | | WEP regulates access to a wireless network based on a computers hardware-specific MAC address, which isrelatively simple to be sniffed out and stolen. | | | The technology is designed to work with existing Wi-Fi products that have been enabled with WEP (i.e., as a software upgrade to existing hardware), but the technology includes two improvements over WEP: |
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http://sbc.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WPA.html
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| | Get to Know the Wi-Fi Protected Access Standard |
| | The new standard, called Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), is designed to provide a much higher level of security for wireless users than existing WEP standards provide. | | | For WPA to work, users need to upgrade the software on all their wireless network adapters, access points, and client programs. | | | You'll find an overview about how WPA will work in XP at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;815485. |
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http://www.windowsitpro.com/WindowsSecurity/Article/ArticleID/38991/WindowsSecurity_38991.html
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| | The Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)/Wireless Provisioning Services Information Element (WPS IE) update for Windows XP with Service Pack 2 is available |
| | The Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)/Wireless Provisioning Services Information Element (WPS IE) Update for computers that are running Microsoft Windows XP with Service Pack 2 (SP2) is available. | | | However, because of hardware limitations, the vast majority of the wireless access points that are deployed today in public Wi-Fi hotspots only permit one SSID to be included in the broadcast Beacon and Probe Response frames. | | | Wireless access points that support the configuration of additional SSIDs and their advertisement with the WPS IE. |
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http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;893357
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| | Smart Display Setup Is Incompatible with Wi-Fi Protected Access Update |
| | After you install the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Protected Access (WPA) update on a Microsoft Windows XP Professional-based computer, and then you run the Smart Display Setup program, you may experience a failure when you try to configure an 802.11b network adapter. | | | This problem may occur if the method that Smart Display Setup uses to access and configure wireless networking equipment is no longer accessible after the WPA update is installed. | | | Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section of this article. |
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http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;821486
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| | Sidebar: Getting to 802.11i - Computerworld |
| | The current Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) standard is considered an improvement over the earlier 64-bit Wired Equivalent Privacy specification, adding 128-bit encryption, better key management and support for the Extensible Authentication Protocol. | | | An improved standard, called 802.11i, or WPA 2, is due to be ratified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers this June. | | | Rapid developments in this area are leading to uncertainty about how IT managers can protect their investments while still making their WLANs as secure as possible. |
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http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/story/0,10801,92768,00.html
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| | Laptop Products - Wi-Fi* Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) Compliance |
| | A patch must be applied for WPA to function in Windows* XP with service pack 1 (SP1). | | | Windows XP service pack 2 (SP2) includes WPA capability; therefore, no additional downloads are needed to support WPA. | | | The latest Windows* software and drivers for the Intel®PRO/Wireless Network Connection are both WPA and WPA2 capable. |
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http://www.intel.com/support/notebook/sb/cs-006109.htm
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| | Cracking Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Part 1 |
| | Still, considering how many open access points there are in America, and how much easier WEP is to crack in comparison, at least for now I feel secure using WPA and confident only the most bored hacker with the most free time will even attempt to try. | | | Everyone with a bit of sense can understand every encryption is crackable, depending on the computational power (either brute or intelligent) you throw at it. | | | In this two-part series, Seth Fogie examines the internals of WPA and demonstrates how this wireless protection method can be cracked with only four packets of data. |
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http://digg.com/security/Cracking_Wi-Fi_Protected_Access_(WPA),_Part_1
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| | SecureIT! Newsletter @ CIS @ Brown |
| | Support for WPA is limited to certain access points and wireless adapters, and even more so for WPA2. | | | It offers the best security for home use available today, and after reading this article I hope you find it easy to configure and do so on your home network. | | | WPA Enterprise is geared towards corporations with a central authentication mechanism (such as Microsoft Active Directory). |
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http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/CIS/itsecurity/news/05-002.html
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| | Cracking Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Part 2 > Starting the Crack |
| | In part 1 of this series, we looked at the internals of WPA as compared to WEP, and saw how this wireless protection method can be cracked with only four packets of data. | | | The problem isn't directly related to the algorithm or WPA initialization process, but is instead tied to the simple fact that the process can be reproduced. | | | Unfortunately, this small tip is buried in a lot of highly technical information, and therefore unavailable to the typical SOHO user. |
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http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=370636&rl=1
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| | John Howard, IT Pro Evangelist, Microsoft UK : WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) |
| | WPA2 is also known as 802.11i - it was recently certified by the IEEE. | | | The Access points have either A/B or A/G. The older access points won't take the upgrade, because the onboard processor can't handle the AES encryption. | | | WPA is more than enough for a home environment IMHO but if you have the option of WPA2 then it's a nice to have. |
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http://blogs.technet.com/jhoward/archive/2005/07/29/408024.aspx
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| | Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) NeedToKnow - Part II Tom's Networking |
| | WPA is a subset of technologies taken from the upcoming 802.11i standard, which the Wi-Fi Alliance has now dubbed WPA2. | | | When we last left WPA (in our November 2002 WPA - Wireless Security for the rest of us NeedToKnow) it was but a gleam in the eye of the Wi-Fi Alliance and a hardy band of brave souls. | | | At April's Networld+Interop show in Las Vegas, the Wi-Fi Alliance proudly announced that WPA and the Alliance's certification process were ready to go, successfully marking the beginning of a new phase in wireless networking security. |
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http://www.tomsnetworking.com/2003/06/25/wi
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| | WPA: New Protection for 802.11 |
| | The new solution, called Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), is a subset of the still unfinished IEEE (define) 802.11i security specification and will be usable by both home and enterprise wireless networks. | | | The clients and access points must have WPA enabled for encryption to and from an 802.1X with Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication server of some sort, such as a RADIUS server, with centralized access management. | | | The way WPA will work in the enterprise is similar to the setup of any 802.1X authentication system. |
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http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/1491771
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| | Wi-Fi getting new security standard CNET News.com |
| | The Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) standard is aimed at business customers who want strong security, the Wi-Fi Alliance said Thursday. | | | Today, access to a wireless network is regulated by using a hardware-specific serial number, known as a MAC (medium access control) address. | | | Like most Wi-Fi makers, Intersil will provide free software for upgrading to WPA. |
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http://news.com.com/2100-1033-964046.html
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| | WPA wireless security offers multiple advantages over WEP |
| | After all, the instant you rekey an access point, none of the clients will be able to access it until they are also rekeyed. | | | This protocol allows key changes to occur on a frame by frame basis and to be automatically synchronized between the access point and the wireless client. | | | The TKIP encryption algorithm is stronger than the one used by WEP but works by using the same hardware-based calculation mechanisms WEP uses. |
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http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-1035_11-5060773.html
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| | AccessMyLibrary.com - Search Information that Libraries Trust |
| | AccessMyLibrary is a fast, easy way to access your library online. | | | Use AccessMyLibrary to search for and view millions of articles free via access through your library. | | | Their authoritative content is accurate, current and at the highest level -- and it's simple and easy to use." |
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http://accessmylibrary.com/comsite5/bin/comsite5.pl?...&word=Wi_Fi_Protected
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| | A Warm Welcome to WPA2 |
| | Other approved products include the Intel Pro/Wireless 2915 (used in the Centrino chipset), the Realtek 802.11a/g WLAN NIC, Instant802's 7001 Access Point, and the Cisco (Quote, Chart) Aironet 1200 Series with integrated 11a and 11g radios. | | | WPA2, like the original WPA, will support both an Enterprise and Personal (home) version -- the personal version does not require use of 802.1X and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication with a RADIUS (define) server. | | | In fact, the original WPA has many of the same attributes of the final 802.11i spec. |
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http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/news/article.php/3402971
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| | Linksys Announces Support for Wi-Fi Protected Access |
| | WPA is a crucial and advantageous step forward in the continued growth of the 802.11 industry." Wi-Fi Protected Access will replace the existing WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) protocol. | | | Linksys will first incorporate WPA in its currently shipping Wireless-G products via firmware and software upgrades available at linksys.com by end of May. WPA provides enhanced, interoperable security that increases the level of data protection and access control for wireless LANs. | | | Firmware and software upgrades for Linksys products will be obtainable at http://www.linksys.com. |
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http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/04-30-2003/0001937176&EDATE=
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| | Wi-Fi Protected Access |
| | Designed to run on existing hardware as a software upgrade, Wi-Fi Protected Access is derived from and will be forwardcompatible with the upcoming IEEE 802.11i standard. | | | Wi-Fi Protected Access is a specification of standards-based, interoperable security enhancements that strongly increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems. | | | When properly installed, it will provide wireless LAN users with a high level of assurance that their data will remain protected and that only authorized network users can access the network. |
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http://www.80211anews.com/publications/page289-514770.asp
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