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| | X86 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The x86 architecture first appeared inside the Intel 8086 CPU in 1978; the 8086 was a development of the 8008 processor (which itself followed the 4004). | | | x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. | | | The x86 architecture is a CISC design with variable instruction length. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
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| | AMD64 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | While it was considered at one point RISC chips would inevitably replace the outdated and quirky x86 architecture, in fact AMD64 effectively turns x86 into a modern RISC type programming environment. | | | However, on AMD64, 32 bit x86 applications may still benefit from a 64 bit recompile, due to the additional registers in 64 bit code, which a high-level compiler can use for optimization. | | | Most likely, the outdated aspects of the x86 instruction set will end up emulated either in processor microcode or by the operating system at some point. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64
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| | www.iGeek.com |
| | But it also has this nice 64 bit mode, which is faster still and fixes a few of the problems with IA32 (the old Instruction Set for x86). | | | In fact, the most likely way that you'll see 64 bit x86 adoption is if it comes from Apple in the form of OS X ported for AMD. | | | The 64 bit extensions basically designed into the ISA from the start, and are not a very radical change to the way things are working. |
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http://www.igeek.com/articles/Hardware/Processors/x86-64vPPC-64.txt
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| | IA-64 - definition of IA-64 in Encyclopedia |
| | Even for this usage, it remains doubtful that IA64 will ever be a commercial success, because 64bit extensions to the x86 architecture are gaining ground in server systems (see below). | | | Unlike previous Intel x86 processors, the Itanium is not geared toward high performance execution of the IA-32 (x86) instruction set. | | | In a mainstream "out-of-order" design, a complex decoder system examines each instruction as they flow through the pipeline and sees which can be fed off to operate in parallel across the available execution units — e.g. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/IA-64
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| | Fedora Core x86-64 Hints 'n' Tips - OSNews.com |
| | In a few years all new computers will be 64 bit. | | | Microsoft and Intel are positive about the 64 bit direction, and Linux seems to be ahead of Wintel for now. | | | I think that the binaries are well optimized as there are no such differences as i386, i586, i686. |
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http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=10123
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| | Geek.com Geek News - Intel reverse-engineered AMD's x86-64 bit instructions |
| | Intel's 64-bit x86 extensions, which will be first employed in its Nocona processors later this year, are virtually identical to AMD's 64-bit extensions. | | | It seems you councel that we should not be paying attention to what x86 processor is best for what task, but that all x86 processors are the same and to get the best performance for an application we should be looking at what architecture performs best. | | | Anywho, x86 is quickly monopolizing the entire range of computer markets, and may well eventually take over, but I doubt it. |
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http://www.geek.com/news/geeknews/2004Mar/bch20040406024621.htm
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| | LWN: Debian x86_64 port ready |
| | 64 bit is a win today even for apps that don't need it, due to the extra registers that are accessible to applications compiled as x86_64 apps. | | | Your example of a 32 bit program fitting in physical memory, while the 64 bit version not fitting, is exceedingly unlikely. | | | I use the proprietary 32 bit X server even though my entire desktop and all apps are pure 64 bit. |
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http://lwn.net/Articles/89290
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| | Intel to demonstrate 64-bit x86 "CT" chip in two weeks - Topic Ars OpenForum |
| | A 64-bit x86 solution from Intel goes a long way towards publicly acknowledging that there is still life left in the x86 ISA, and by induction, in AMD's Opteron and Athlon64. | | | Having 64 bit instruction capabilities that are incompatible with the set being used in software in your hardware also doesn't do you much good. | | | The vast majority of the work Microsoft has to do for their version of Windows with AMD 64 bit instruction support is already completed, with most of the remaining work involving third party hardware manufacturers rewritting their drivers to support the 64 bit extensions. |
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http://episteme.arstechnica.com/eve/ubb.x?a=tpc&s=50009562&f=174096756&m=838007322631
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| | Real World Technologies - AMD's 64 Bit Gamble |
| | To extend the addressing range of the x86 architecture beyond 64 Kbytes, Morse arranged it so that the contents of special 16-bit registers would be shifted left by 4 bits, then added to the 8080-like 16-bit logical address to generate a 20 bit physical address. | | | One of the most extraordinary announcements of last year’s Microprocessor Forum was that of AMD’s intention to extend the Intel x86 architecture from 32 to 64 bits. | | | Some computer architects lament that the x86 may have forever ruined the reputation of segmented address schemes. |
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http://www.realworldtech.com/page.cfm?ArticleID=RWT071800000000
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| | PCWorld.com - Intel Readies First 64-Bit Chip |
| | EM64T is Intel's name for its 64-bit extensions to the x86 instruction set, a concept pioneered by rival chip maker Advanced Micro Devices. | | | As AMD worked toward the release of Opteron, Intel shied away from making concrete predictions about its plans for x86 servers with 64-bit extensions, and said 64-bit desktops wouldn't appear until the end of the decade. | | | The appeal of x86 64-bit servers will broaden later this year when a 64-bit version of Microsoft's Windows operating system is released. |
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http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,116631,00.asp
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| | Intel's Otellini drops hints about x86 64-bit chips - Computerworld |
| | Both Opteron and Athlon 64 allow users to run their 32-bit applications on the same computer as their 64-bit applications, and Otellini said that any x86 64-bit Intel technology would come with the same compatibility. | | | With Opteron gaining the support of IBM and Sun Microsystems Inc. last year, and possibly Hewlett-Packard Co. this week, anticipation is mounting that Intel will finally acknowledge the arrival of that x86 64-bit market with demonstrations or announcements of a chip bearing that technology. | | | The key question is whether Intel chooses to use the same extensions that AMD has used in the Athlon 64 and Opteron chips, or if it goes down a different path. |
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http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,89549,00.html
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| | AMD and Intel Largely in Harmony on x86-64 |
| | Some of these differences may be resolved in future 64-bit x86 processors, or even in future steppings of x86 processors already announced or on the market. | | | Near-100% software compatibility is possible, but in some cases, programs written for one 64-bit architecture may not run properly on the other 64-bit architecture. | | | Memory-addressing schemes and many other architectural features, such as data-addressing modes, context-switching behavior, interrupt handling, and support for existing 16- and 32-bit x86 execution modes were also compared. |
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http://www.instat.com/pr/2004/mpr_4_5_04.asp
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| | Intel® Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) |
| | Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (Intel EM64T) is a feature of to Intel's computing architecture that enables the desktop processor platform to access larger amounts of memory. | | | Intel®; Extended Memory 64 Technology is one of a number of innovations added to Intel's Server/Workstation platforms. | | | With appropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software, platforms based on an Intel processor supporting Intel EM64T can enable use of extended virtual and physical memory. |
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http://www.intel.com/technology/64bitextensions
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| | Intro64bitcpu.doc |
| | As we'll see, x86-64 is more than just a 64-bit extension to the 32-bit x86 ISA; it adds some new features, as well, while getting rid of some obsolete ones. Note that this article deals with the x86-64 ISA only. | | | Thus, the ongoing adaptation of the x86 ISA to ever newer technological contexts has been one of the essential subplots in the past two decades' story of the "information revolution." The present article outlines what AMD hopes is the next step in x86's evolution: x86-64. | | | Programmers, analysts, architecture buffs, and enthusiasts often see x86 as a leaden albatross around the neck of the entire computing industry, and like the Mariner's albatross we were all hoping it would just fall off at some point and slip quietly into the deep. |
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http://pages.prodigy.net/jcusto/bin/pcrepair/cpus/Intro64bitcpu.doc
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| | X-bit labs - Hardware news - Intel Confirms and Denies x86-64 Processors. |
| | This is not the first indication of a 64-bit x86 design from Intel, though, this time all information comes from Intels official PR people, not analysts or sources close to the company. | | | Intel Corporation has spent billions of dollars and nearly 10 years developing its 64-bit Itanium processors EPIC architecture that is fundamentally different from conventional x86 architecture used in the majority of todays desktop processors. | | | Although support for 64-bit extensions may not provide a staggering boost in performance of AMD processors at first, the chip is likely to become a good seller for the Sunnyvale, California-based CPU maker, and, after it substitutes the Athlon XP chips, will hold about 20% market share for AMD. |
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http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20031227163600.html
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| | Sudhian Media |
| | Software vendors and companies that were on the fence over supporting x86-64 might now decide to do so knowing that Intel is onboard. | | | Turn the clock ahead and its launch time for Nocona with support for what Intel is called EM64T, or Extended Memory 64 Technology. | | | We wouldn’t be surprised if AMD even sold a few more Opteron or Athlon 64 systems on the strength of Intel’s announcement simply by being able to demonstrate that this wasn’t “a fringe movement.” Supposedly this should mean the death of Itanium, except… |
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http://www.sudhian.com/showdocs.cfm?aid=564
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| | OpenVMS on HP Integrity servers |
| | The x86 with 64-bit extensions would be good for this, rather than more expensive Itanium-based systems. | | | 64-bit extensions is an evolution of the x86 architecture and provides improved performance and price/performance for various applications and a migration path to 64-bit capabilities. | | | According to Gartner Group (T-22-3916) while x86 with 64-bit extensions (x86-64) is capable of scaling to 8p the Two-way andfour-way configurations will represent the bulk of this market. |
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http://h71000.www7.hp.com/openvms/integrity/faqs2.html
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| | ITworld.com - HP sees demand for 64-bit x86 servers |
| | Opteron features 64-bit extensions to the x86 instruction set that increase the amount of memory the processor is able to address. | | | It uses a different instruction set from the x86 instruction set found in most of the world's PCs and low-end servers, which means that applications developed for x86 systems are incompatible with the Itanium processor. | | | This allows users to port their applications to 64 bits when they need the extra performance without having to buy a new server. |
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http://www.itworld.com/Comp/1361/040128hpx86
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| | Speculation on Intel's 64-bit X86 plans |
| | The Inquirer - Xeon 64 versus Opteron 64? | | | Though it's the x86 expert, Intel would need time to ramp up to make the chip and the things that go with it, such as circuit boards and chipsets. | | | Robert McMillan of IDG News Service has an enlightening interview with Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel and creator of "Moore's Law", regarding the future of the X86 architecture. |
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http://www.davidst.com/pentium64
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| | Neowin.net - Intel secret X86-64 project still on the go |
| | It is said that AMD's new 64 bit instruction set is a superset of the x86 instruction set, which means it will add more hardware level functions available which may mean things like hardware division may be available and other bells and whistles while maintaining compatibility of the base x86 functions. | | | One of the reasons Intel probably wanted to abandon the x86 instruction sets with the Itanic is because the x86 architecture is a nightmare, to be blunt. | | | Also, as a sidenote, x86 refers to a set of hardware specific functions used in low level programming languages such as Assembler. |
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http://www.neowin.net/comments.php?id=9829&category=main
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| | UNIX on the x86-64 laptop |
| | Had to copy SUSE 2.4 x86-64 includes over the SUSE 2.4 kernel source tree | | | This means that 32-bit x86 applications will run without modification on either a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel, giving all of the benefits of a 64-bit CPU with none of the porting issues. | | | AMD released their Athlon64 in the last half of this year; this is a transition chip using the x86-64 or AMD64 ISA. |
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http://www.eccentrix.com/members/mammon/x86_64
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| | Neowin.net - Intel confirms existence of X86-64 Yamhill chip |
| | The Intel 32-bit/64-bit hybrid CPU is 100% compatible to x86-64 (Athlon 64) and therefore can use the 64-bit version of Windows for Athlon 64s. | | | MS would never make yet another 64-bit version of Windows, in fact they would have even not started coding the Athlon 64 version of their OS if they didn't know that Intel would also develop a x86-64 CPU. | | | Microsoft has been dragging there feet on the Windows 64 it pisses me off, it's not like they didn't now about x86-64 for a long time and there were rumors that it would show up in Q1 but I'm starting to really doubt that. |
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http://www.neowin.net/comments.php?category=main&id=16170
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| | Comments for: Intel could adopt 64-bit x86 - ja.zz |
| | It would be a major victory for AMD if Intel didn't adopt x86 64-bit computing. | | | Given all of the software that's out there, x86 64-bit processors do make sense. | | | Whan all these 64 bit CPU's come out, is Microsoft going to make Windows for AMD64, Windows for Intel64. |
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http://techreport.com/ja.zz?comments=5997&page=1
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| | Gates calls for 64-bit software support CNET News.com |
| | For its part, Microsoft has been slower than it originally planned in delivering a version of Windows XP that runs on 64-bit x86 processors. | | | AMD has been shipping server chips since early last year and desktop chips since last fall that expand the current x86 architecture to run both 32-bit and 64-bit applications. | | | Even if most PC users are still a couple years away from running 64-bit operating systems on their desktop, Microsoft needs hardware makers to start moving now, says independent technology analyst Peter Glaskowsky. |
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http://news.com.com/2100-1001_3-5205806.html
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| | Intel cribbed x86-64 tech 'from AMD documents' The Register |
| | "We've tested the Intel x86 64-bit stuff, and it works for OpenBSD," said one of the OS development team. | | | Intel developed its 64-bit extensions to the 32-bit x86 instruction set by "reading AMD's pre-release documentation", Microprocessor Report analyst Tom Halfhill has claimed. | | | It also compared the memory-addressing schemes and many other architectural features, such as data-addressing modes, context-switching behavior, interrupt handling, and support for existing 16- and 32-bit x86 execution modes. |
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http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/04/07/intel_64bit
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| | The Tech Report - Comments on AMD announces x86-64 Linux support and more |
| | The first of the two concerns support for AMD's 64-bit extensions to the x86 ISA, x86-64, in version 2.6 of the Linux kernel. | | | You're forgetting the fact that x86 64-bit is adding a raft load of new general purpose registers for programs to use. | | | But, that's assuming a RISC architecture with fixed length instructions, something x86 doesn't have. |
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http://techreport.com/news_reply.x/3440
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| | LinuxQuestions.org - X86 or X86_64? - where Linux users come for help |
| | I too understand the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit OS's, what I was trying to ask is how do the Debian based ones perform. | | | I understand that the 32-bit version will run fine on Athlon 64. | | | The G5 is a 64 bit processor, but OS X is partly 64 bit, but mostly 32 bit. |
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http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/showthread.php?threadid=362845
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| | Geek.com Geek News - Intel's Yamhill Technology: x86-64 compatible |
| | He theorized, and had it on fairly reliable insider information, that Intel has been working on an x86-64 compatible architecture for a while now. | | | Yamhill Technology, as it is being called, apparently will be embedded in future Intel x86 chips in 2003 or 2004, with the option to turn it on or off. | | | The Yamhill should be just a workaround to wait for that "crossover point" on the performance curvesbetween Intel's 32 and 64 bit chips. |
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http://www.geek.com/news/geeknews/2002jan/bch20020125009966.htm
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| | Intel will Eat Crow and Support AMD's x86-64 :: osViews osOpinion :: Tech Opinions for the People, by the People |
| | Now, Intel has obviously been watching this develop (it's not like the Opteron dropped out of the blue) and there were rumors several years ago of Intel working on 64bit extensions to the x86 ISA (the so-called "Yamhill" technology). | | | It seems more likely to me that they long ago got sick of the x86 ISA millstone hanging around their neck: all the clever engineering that has gone into making the creaky register-deprived CISCesque x86 run like a massively-registered RISC could've been spent on so many other things. | | | History would have been very different if they just done a state of the art RISC implementation with some instructions for speeding up software emulation of x86 programs. |
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http://www.osviews.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=146&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0
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| | PCWorld.com - Intel Joins the 64-Bit Desktop Fray |
| | With the imprint of competitor AMD's x86-64 64-bit Athlon 64 processors continuing to grow--both in the industry and in the mind of the consumer--the move was not unexpected. | | | This slightly higher rated 2.4-GHz Athlon 64 bested the P4 in WorldBench tests in normal 32-bit Windows XP Professional by three points, but on Windows XP Professional X64 Edition, the Intel chip closed the gap considerably. | | | For competition's sake, we also put an Athlon 64 3800+ processor through the rigors of our WorldBench 5 benchmark suite. |
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http://www.pcworld.com/resource/article/0,aid,119739,pg,1,RSS,RSS,00.asp
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