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| | Xerox PARC - jason wu |
 | | Xerox can easily be placed with IBM and Apple as one of the pioneers in the field of personal computing. | | | The research center was created to support Xerox’s new venture into computing, so having a computer was not an option, but rather a necessity. | | | Xerox would pioneer the field of personal computing. |
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http://www.quad4x.net/cswebpage/parc.html
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| | Xerox Star Research |
| | The Xerox Star was an incredible piece of technology in its time that displayed a lot of innovative ideas and impressed a good amount of people in the computer industry. | | | Star actually refers to the software that was to be used in conjunction of the machine developed by Xerox and not the machine itself, although it's easy to see the misunderstanding. | | | Xerox made its mark in the computer industry but it couldnt shake its image as a copier company. |
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http://xeroxstar.tripod.com
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| | Xerox Star: Information From Answers.com |
| | The Xerox Star was the first commercial computer to use a graphical user interface (GUI) with the familiar desktop-with-icons metaphor and a mouse. | | | The Star was developed by the Xerox Systems Development Division, and not at the famous Xerox Palo Alto Research Center as commonly supposed. | | | The Xerox Star, officially known as the 8010, was a revolutionary computer workstation released as a commercial product in 1981. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/xerox-star
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| | PARC History |
| | The Xerox 1075 copier/duplicator, which uses the Ethernet principal to facilitate varying the document handling and output sorting configurations, is released. | | | Xerox 6085 Professional Computer System that runs PC programs and has advanced ViewPoint software document-processing capabilities, is released | | | Xerox's 10 Series Marathon copiers are the first to use numerous built-in microcomputers with a low-bandwidth Ethernet as the communications interface |
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http://www.parc.xerox.com/about/history
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| | Xerox Alto |
| | The Xerox Alto, developed at Xerox PARC in 1973, was the first personal computer and the first computer to use the desktop metaphor and graphical user interface (GUI). | | | A network router called Dicentra was also based on this design. | | | The Star inspired Apple's Lisa and Macintosh personal computers, and helped popularize the graphical user interface on later PCs and workstations. |
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http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/X/Xerox-Alto.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The early Xerox PhD's worked very hard to create an object commit system, to implement a transaction-transfer protocol so that messages could not be lost during forwarding (however, duplicates were possible in rare crash cases), and to put duplicate elimination machinery in place at the destination. | | | 8010 user system finds clearinghouse and is now open for business. | | | Second, each user had a primary and a secondary mailbox and this machinery was overkill because 8010 and D-Xerox hardware was much more reliable than the Alto hardware that prompted this feature. |
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http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~gillies/note4.html
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| | The Xerox Star |
| | Xerox 1108 AI Workstations were also manufactured using the same base hardware but were packaged with Interlisp-D instead of the Star software. | | | The final result was completely new software written in Xerox's MESA programming environment rather than BCPL, which the Alto software was written in. | | | However the system as a whole became commonly known as "The Xerox Star." The software was later renamed to "ViewPoint", and later renamed again to "GlobalView." |
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http://toastytech.com/guis/star.html
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| | Our Back Pages: The Herniated Disk |
| | Students and faculty in the department used the Xerox computers for most of their work. | | | The department--a unit of the College of Engineering that specializes in, among other things, "human-computer interface" --had a top-of-the-line Xerox 8010 Star Information computer system. | | | The Xerox computer was removed long ago, replaced by Macs and PCs. |
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http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/march98/back_pages0398.html
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| | DigiBarn: The Xerox Star 8010 (Dandelion) |
| | The Xerox workstations, while a commercial failure, occupy an important position in the lineage of visual computing systems. | | | The Xerox Star 8010 "Dandelion" is one of the most significant introductions of any computer system. | | | These systems were a full 15 years ahead of their time with sophisticated WYSIWYG document composition, built in Ethernet, email, scanning networked laser printing, development environments including Smalltalk, and much more. |
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http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/xerox-8010
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| | The Xerox "Star": A Retrospective |
| | This is in sharp contrast to the usual approach, in which software is designed for existing computers. | | | Eventually realizing that Star's closedness was a problem, Xerox replaced it with ViewPoint, a more "open" system that allows users to pick and choose applications that they need, including a spreadsheet and IBM PC software. | | | Distributed, personal computing -- Though the reorientation of the industry away from batch and time-shared computing toward personal computing had nothing to do with Xerox, PARC, or Star, it was an important part of the computing philosophy that led to Star. |
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http://members.dcn.org/dwnelson/XeroxStarRetrospective.html
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| | Computer History Museum |
| | Xerox had entered, and then exited, the computer business; that is, they had bought the leading minicomputer company of the time, Scientific Data Systems, which was a competitor with Digital. | | | During the era that it was a part of the Xerox Corporation, it made a turn in the direction of providing business data processing systems, so the Sigma Series began to be sold competitively against IBM, rather than, for instance, competitively against Digital, as had the 930 and 940, and other famous systems been sold. | | | So there were a lot of things that were true of Xerox at that time, and many problems to be worked on, or itches to be scratched, and they simply don’t exist now. |
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http://www.computerhistory.org/events/lectures/star_06171998/star_xscript.shtml
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| | [No title] |
| | PARC researchers truly believed they were inventing the future of computing, and they ended up doing just that. | | | But such a printer demanded a more graphical way for a computer to prepare documents to begin with. | | | One of the first things they invented was the laser printer, a natural complement to Xerox's copier business. |
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http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/gui.ars/3
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| | Bringing Design to Software Profile 2 - STAR |
| | The Xerox Star was born out of PARC's creative ferment, designing an integrated system that would bring PARC's new hardware and software ideas into a commercially viable product for use in office environments. | | | In 1970, the Xerox Corporation established the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), to invent the future of the electronic office. | | | The Open command was the basis for applying a technique of progressive disclosure—showing the user only the relevant information for a task at hand, and then providing a way to reveal more possibilities as they were needed. |
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http://hci.stanford.edu/bds/2p-star.html
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| | History of the graphical user interface: Information From Answers.com |
| | The Xerox PARC team with merzouga wilberts,codified the WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers) paradigm, first pioneered on the Xerox Alto experimental computer, but which eventually appeared commercially in the Xerox 8010 ('Star') system in 1981. | | | Like most GUIs of the day, Amiga's Intuition followed Xerox, and sometimes also Apple's lead anteceding solutions, but pragmatically, a CLI was also included and it extended dramatically the functionality of the platform. | | | Beginning in 1979, led by Jef Raskin, the Lisa and Macintosh teams at Apple Computer (which included former members of the Xerox PARC group) continued to develop such ideas. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-the-graphical-user-interface
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| | Xerox Star |
| | Introduced in April of 1981, the Xerox Star was the first commercial computer to use a Graphical User Interface (GUI). | | | Driving one of the world's first GUI computer at CHI '98 in LA (the 6085) Original Star keyboard can be seen behind the water bottle. | | | Along with its groundbreaking use of windows, the Star also included networking, email and a WYSIWYG wordprocesser in the package. |
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http://vividpicture.com/aleks/xeroxstar
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| | DigiBarn Documents: Xerox Star Historical Documents (Dave Curbow) |
| | In 1985 Xerox introduced new versions of the hardware and software. | | | It changed the way office workers used computers by presenting a desktop interface, and a mouse -- now standard on most office computers. | | | I have begun collecting historical papers on the development of Xerox software products related to the Star. |
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http://www.digibarn.com/friends/curbow/star
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| | [No title] |
| | Xerox employees use the ARPANET for ARPA related research purposes only, not for answering questions or distributing information about our products. | | | As you might expect, much of the recent discussion has involved the Xerox 8010 Star information system. | | | Because many of the messages ask for information about this product and its associated development software, you may feel tempted to reply to some of them. |
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http://www.ais.org/~jrh/acn/text/acn10-2.articles/acn10-2.a10.txt
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| | The Xerox Alto |
| | The Xerox Alto systems, because of their power and graphics, were used for a variety of research purposes in to the fields of human-computer interaction and computer usage. | | | Xerox had no interest in producing a general purpose computer. | | | Xerox did, however, later use Alto technology to to create a single purpose document processor, the Xerox 8010 or "Star". |
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http://toastytech.com/guis/alto3.html
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| | lipkie |
| | Subsequent to graphics, most of Star has been converted to this methodology, and three other major pieces of software have been undertaken: an equations editing capability, a 3720 emulations window, and a table editing capability. | | | Abstract: The XEROX Star 8010 Information System features an integrated text and graphics editor. | | | Also the graphics functional specification had already been written, and one of the authors had validated the graphics user interface by prototyping on the Xerox Alto using a different implementation technique. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/group/mmdd/SiliconValley/Lipkie/star_1982.html
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| | Bewley |
| | The two timed tests used a Xerox Alto computer with the icons displayed on the screen +en as they would be in Star. | | | The design was driven by principles of human cognition. | | | We can only take this as a ratification of Starís design process, a rich blend of user interface principles, functional analysis, and human interface testing. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/group/mmdd/SiliconValley/bewley/star.text/xeroxstar.1983.html
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| | Xerox from FOLDOC |
| | UB, (now a part of Tandem Computers) adopted XNS in developing its Net/One XNS routing protocol. | | | Implementations exist for 4.3BSD derived systems and the Xerox Star computers. | | | ["Fumbling The Future: How XEROX Invented, Then Ignored, the First Personal Computer" by Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. |
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http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Xerox
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| | Computer History |
| | Steve Jobs visited the Xerox plant after the failure of the Alto/Star computers on the consumer market. | | | He used many of its innovations in Apple's Lisa and other machines, including the Macintosh computer released in 1989. | | | The Macintosh was a great accomplishment in the history of computing! |
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http://www.naplak.com/interests/computer_history.htm
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| | GUIdebook > Articles > Xerox Star/ViewPoint/GlobalView |
| | Description of the Xerox Alto, the first computer with GUI and mouse as input device (with screenshots) | | | A seminal paper about the possibilities of personal computing, exemplified in Xerox Alto | | | A rather technical look at Xerox Star — not much of GUI-related information, but helpful in putting the development of 8010 into context |
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http://www.guidebookgallery.org/articles/xerox
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| | The Xerox Star: A Retrospective |
| | [27] Dalal, Y.K., "Use of Multiple Networks in the Xerox Network System," Computer, Vol. | | | "The Xerox Star: A Retrospective," Computer, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. | | | [19] Ellis, C., and G. Nutt, "Computer Science and Office Information Systems," Xerox PARC Tech. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/mags/co/&toc=comp/mags/co/1989/09/r9toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/2.35211
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| | Xerox Star 8010 - The First Marketed Computer with a Graphical User Interface |
| | Xerox Star 8010 - The First Marketed Computer with a Graphical User Interface | | | The Xerox Star 8010 was a commercial refinement of the company's in-house Alto and featured a mouse-controlled graphical user interface or GUI as opposed to the keyboard-controlled text interface common on computers at that time. | | | Announced in April 1981, the machine was also designed to share data over an Ethernet network. |
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http://www.cedmagic.com/history/xerox-star-8010.html
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| | History of Computing Industrial Era 1981 |
| | RANK-XEROX - Intel and Digital released (in combination) the Xerox Star (8010), nick named "The Office". | | | The best brains worked on the design at the now legendary laboratories of Xerox PARC | | | The concept was good, but elements like: marketing, an extreme high price (from 18,000 US$ and up), the dependence on a network and the size of the machine (an office refrigerator) made the Xerox 8010 unwieldy for the individual user. |
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http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1981.htm
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| | Xerox Mice ~ o l d m o u s e .c o m ~ |
| | He explains, "This mouse is from an original hand-built Xerox Alto-1 computer. | | | The three button Alto mouse enabled the first bitmapped and overlapping windows display, known as a graphical user interface (GUI). | | | …only 200 Palo-Alto Xerox Alto-1's were built in 1972." |
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http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/xerox/alto.shtml
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| | 00000333 |
| | Xerox llxx, MIT Lisp machine, Symbolics and Lisp Machines, Inc. | | | Xerox 8010, Apple MacPaint and MacDraw, Aurora Systems | | | The major beneficiary of general corporate research is most likely to be those who leave and start companies. |
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http://research.microsoft.com/users/gbell/High_Tech_Ventures/00000333.htm
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| | AT&T Worldnet Service - Directory |
| | An on-going research paper about the Xerox 8010; the Star. | | | Click here to see the Top 100 Hot Books from Amazon.com |
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http://www.att.net/cgi-bin/webdrill?catkey=gwd/Top/Computers/Hardware/Historical/Xerox
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| | The Xerox Mouse |
| | This little beauty is a direct descendent of the Xerox Alto mouse. | | | Take a good look at the Star mouse's prototype, the Alto mouse. |
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http://www.oldmouse.com/articles/xerox
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