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| | Xerox PARC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Xerox PARC was the incubator of many elements of modern computing. | | | Xerox PARC was the first research group to widely adopt the mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart's Augmentation Research Center at the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) in Menlo Park, California. | | | The work at PARC in the years since the early 1980s is often overlooked, but major work since then includes Ubiquitous computing aka Pervasive Computing, Aspect-oriented programming, and IPv6 to name but a few. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_PARC
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| | GUIdebook > Articles > “The Xerox Alto Computer” |
| | And the Alto is one of the first personal computers that satisfies the needs of the computer scientist as well as the secretary or businessman. | | | The Alto has the interesting property of using software (often microcode) to perform many tasks, such as keyboard encoding and character generation, that are typically done in hardware. | | | In 1978, Xerox donated a total of fifty Altos to Stanford, Carnegie-Mellon, and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). |
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http://www.guidebookgallery.org/articles/thexeroxaltocomputer
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| | The Xerox Alto |
| | The Xerox Alto systems, because of their power and graphics, were used for a variety of research purposes in to the fields of human-computer interaction and computer usage. | | | Xerox had no interest in producing a general purpose computer. | | | There were a number of programming environments for the Alto. |
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http://toastytech.com/guis/alto3.html
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| | The Xerox Alto |
| | Initially the Xerox Alto software was not "desktop" oriented and was more comparable to a system with various pieces of mouse enabled graphical DOS software than, say, Macintosh or Windows. | | | The Xerox Alto was designed to be a relatively small, yet powerful, personal office computer with the ability to present information graphically, and to easily share information. | | | The Alto was the first system to pull together all of the elements of the modern Graphical User Interface. |
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http://toastytech.com/guis/alto.html
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| | Computer History Museum - Lectures - The Xerox Alto: A Personal Retrospective |
| | He was one of the designers of the SDS 940 time-sharing system, the Alto personal distributed computing system, the Xerox 9700 laser printer, two-phase commit protocols, the Autonet LAN, and several programming languages. | | | Alto Designer and Turing Award Winner Butler Lampson is an architect at Microsoft Corporation and an adjunct professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at MIT. | | | Many of the technologies that make today's personal computers attractive, including high-quality graphical user interfaces, window systems, networked distributed computing, and laser printing, were mature technologies at PARC by the end of the '70s. |
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http://www.computerhistory.org/events/lectures/alto_06042001
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| | Xerox Star Research |
| | Kay used the Alto to build his version of a personal computing system that would supply users with the building blocks needed to make tools and applications for individually defined information processing problems. | | | The Xerox Star was an incredible piece of technology in its time that displayed a lot of innovative ideas and impressed a good amount of people in the computer industry. | | | Star actually refers to the software that was to be used in conjunction of the machine developed by Xerox and not the machine itself, although it's easy to see the misunderstanding. |
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http://xeroxstar.tripod.com
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| | DigiBarn: The Xerox Alto Computer |
| | See The Xerox Alto computer by Thomas A Wadlow, from Byte 9/1981. | | | xercpted from The Xerox Alto computer by Thomas A Wadlow, from Byte 9/1981. | | | The Alto served as inspiration for Three Rivers' PERQ which ran the Intran publishing software that drove the Xerox 9700 high speed laser printers (also a development from PARC). |
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http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/xerox-alto
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| | Xerox Mice ~ o l d m o u s e .c o m ~ |
| | He explains, "This mouse is from an original hand-built Xerox Alto-1 computer. | | | Bill English managed the development of the mouse for the first Alto computer [Comuter History Museum]. | | | John Bordynuik, who furnished these detailed photos, provides further extensive photos online of his completely refurbished Alto I computer. |
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http://www.oldmouse.com/mouse/xerox/alto.shtml
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| | [No title] |
| | The combination of Smalltalk and the Alto was essentially a modern personal computer with a very similar graphical user interface to the ones we use today. | | | Altos had networking and could send e-mail to and receive it from one another, and seemed ideal for an office environment. | | | The first software written for the Alto was rather crude, and only slightly graphical. |
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http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/gui.ars/3
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| | Computer History Museum - Exhibits - Collection Highlights - Xerox PARC Alto |
| | There were 150 Altos at PARC, making it the most advanced personal computer lab in the world at the time. | | | In 1972 Xerox began work on the Alto desktop computer which prototyped the graphical user interface in common use today. | | | The Alto had a mouse (invented earlier by Doug Engelbart at SRI in 1965), and the now-familiar desktop environment of icons, folders, and documents. |
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http://www.computerhistory.org/exhibits/highlights/alto.shtml
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| | Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) Definition |
| | The Alto, which embodied many of PARC's innovations, featured a unique desktop environment that contained icons, documents and folders which were manipulated by a mouse. | | | Xerox assembled a team of world-class researchers in the information and physical sciences and gave them the mission to create the architecture of information. | | | These advances include the GUI (graphical user interface), the WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) text editor, the laser printer, the desktop computer (named the Alto), Ethernet (the dominant type of local area network), Smalltalk (the pioneering object-oriented programming language) and Interpress (a graphical page description language that was the precursor to PostScript). |
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http://www.bellevuelinux.org/parc.html
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| | CRN Xerox Parc |
| | There was a practical reason why Xerox did not take advantage of PARC at the time, said Stuart Card, a Xerox research fellow and currently manager of PARC's User Interface Research Group and part of the team that commercialized the mouse. | | | The most visible result of all that brainpower in the 1970s was the Xerox Alto, a computer that looked a lot like today's PC. | | | Founded in 1970, Xerox PARC was the breeding ground for many of the products computer users today take for granted. |
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http://www.crn.com/sections/special/hof/hof.asp?ArticleID=11165
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| | Factbook |
| | Xerox PARC invents prototype of the world's first personal computer, the Alto, with innovations including the first what-you-see-is-what-you-get editor, first commercial use of a mouse, graphical user interface, and bit-mapped display. | | | Xerox and IBM announce a technology and marketing agreement to marry IBM's Lotus Notes and Domino electronic document management environment with the Xerox Document Centre family. | | | The IEEE recognizes Xerox with the 2003 Corporate Innovation Recognition award, "for its DocuTech product line, which unified digital electronics, computing and communications with xerography to create the print-on-demand industry." The prestigious award is presented annually "for outstanding and exemplary contributions" in electrotechnology. |
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http://www.xerox.com/go/xrx/template/019d.jsp?view=Factbook&id=Historical&Xcntry=USA&Xlang=en_US
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| | Bringing Design to Software Profile 2 - STAR |
| | The core concept that distinguished Star (and other Alto programs) from the conventional computer interfaces of their time was the use of a bitmapped screen to present the user with direct visual representations of objects. | | | The progenitor of the modern personal computer, the Alto, was developed in 1972 by Kay's Learning Research Group (LRG) and a number of researchers in PARC's Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL), under the direction of Robert Taylor. | | | The Xerox Star was born out of PARC's creative ferment, designing an integrated system that would bring PARC's new hardware and software ideas into a commercially viable product for use in office environments. |
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http://hci.stanford.edu/bds/2p-star.html
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| | VAW: Apple Lore: The Creation of the Macintosh |
| | The PARC researchers created the Alto computer in 1973. | | | The idea for the graphical user interface can be traced to Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). | | | The mission of PARC was to create the future without worrying about the commercial viability of the project. |
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http://homepage.mac.com/vectronic/macintosh/creation.html
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| | Apple and the GUI |
| | The most shocking thing about the Alto is that it was design to be used by only one person, the first personal computer. | | | Xerox did eventually make computers that sold a little, but it was too little too late. | | | Not wanting to lose out on this new computer revolution Xerox had set the place up for useby the greatest geniuses in the computer industry at the time. |
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http://applemuseum.bott.org/sections/gui.html
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| | PARC History |
| | The Xerox 1075 copier/duplicator, which uses the Ethernet principal to facilitate varying the document handling and output sorting configurations, is released. | | | Along with the development of Ethernet, Alto and research prototypes of networking protocols for distributed computing, this leads to the development of XNS, Xerox's robust, leading-edge networking protocol. | | | The system allows users to create complex documents by combining computing, text editing and graphics, and to access file servers and printers around the world through simple point-and-click actions, a functionality that has yet to be matched by today's computing systems. |
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http://www.parc.xerox.com/about/history
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| | Ubiquitous Computing |
| | The initial incarnation of ubiquitous computing was in the form of "tabs", "pads", and "boards" built at Xerox PARC, 1988-1994. | | | In its current form, it was first articulated by Mark Weiser in 1988 at the Computer Science Lab at Xerox PARC. | | | There are some quicktime movies of some of the ubiquitous computing devices. |
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http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html
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| | MacKiDo/Interface/ui_history |
| | Xerox was doing research tools, and later tried to make a big client-server type document distribution systems. | | | The concepts of User Interface (Human Factors) was not new, it was just a little newer in applying it to computers. | | | That computer had a few similarities in concept (user interface) with stuff Xerox was doing, but almost NOTHING in common design or implementation. |
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http://www.mackido.com/Interface/ui_history.html
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| | NewsForge 30 Years from the Xerox Alto Introduction |
| | The idea of the Alto was the digital desktop envirement in a paperless office. | | | Vintage and the Computer History Museum is celebrating this weekend it in grand style by having a panel of past and present Xerox PARC luminaries speak about the development of the Alto. | | | Anonymous Reader writes "The Xerox Alto, the computer that introduced us to the Graphical User Interface and forever aliented Command-Line Interface programmers everywhere, has reached the ripe old age of 30. |
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http://www.newsforge.com/newsvac/03/10/10/2254250.shtml
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| | Charles Babbage Institute: RESEARCH PROGRAM> Current research |
| | Xerox PARC at the time was trying to create an “architecture of information” that would lay the foundation for the electronic “office of the future.” | | | In 1972, PARC& Butler Lampson argued that the prototype Xerox Alto, the first personal computer developed at PARC, needed a text editor in order to demonstrate the full potential of the 16-bit Alto. | | | Butler Lampson, “Personal Distributed Computing: The Alto and Ethernet Software,” in History of Personal Workstations: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on The History of Personal Workstations, Palo Alto, Calif. (New York: ACM Press, 1986), 101-31. |
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http://special.lib.umn.edu/cbi/shp/entries/bravo.html
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| | Wired News: |
| | On seeing the Alto, he immediately recognized the future of computing. | | | Developed in 1973 by a team of forward-thinking researchers at Xerox's famed Palo Alto Research Center (better known as PARC), the Alto is the machine that started it all. | | | There will also be a display of several working early Xerox computers, including an original Alto, courtesy of Bruce Damer of the nearby DigiBarn and Don Woodward, a Xerox aficionado. |
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http://www.wired.com/news/culture/1,60721-0.html
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| | GUIdebook > Articles > “Designing the Star User Interface” |
| | Stars are higher-performance machines than Altos, being about three times as fast, having 512K bytes of main memory (versus 256K bytes on most Altos), 10 or 29 megabytes of disk memory (versus 2.5 megabytes), a 10½- by 13frac12;-inch display screen (versus 10frac12; by 8 inches), and a 10-megabits-per-second Ethernet (versus 3 megabits). | | | The Star hardware was modeled after the experimental Xerox Alto computer (see reference 19). | | | Both Star and Alto devote a portion of main memory to the screen: 100K bytes in Star, 50K bytes (usually) in Alto. |
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http://www.guidebookgallery.org/articles/designingthestaruserinterface
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| | February 127 2004, Hour One: Computers, Personally Speaking |
| | The Alto featured all the elements of the computer that we use today—a hard drive, keyboard, monitor, mouse, and graphical user interface (GUI), the component that made computer use available to anyone. | | | Alto also had Ethernet, a system that allowed computers within the same building to “network” (link together to communicate). | | | The Alto never went anywhere commercially, however, because it was expensive (more than $16,000 per machine) and because Xerox was involved in the copier wars, focusing its efforts on retaining dominance in the copy machine industry. |
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http://www.sciencefriday.com/kids/sfkc20040227-1.html
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| | History of New Media |
| | The Xerox Alto was the first computer to use a graphical-user interface, drawing lines and shapes on the screen, and laying out information in a way that makes visual sense to the user. | | | The Xerox Star was PARCs next project, and resulted in the revolutionary, first personal computer with a graphical user interface and a mouse. | | | After experiencing phenomenal success in the copy machine business, Xerox opened the PARC to develop computers. |
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http://isc.temple.edu/sdrury/survey/detail/PARC.html
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| | The History Of Computers During My Lifetime - The 1980's |
| | Researchers at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) developed the basic ideas of a graphical user interface along with all the associated innovations - the mouse, the desktop metaphor, icons, windows, menus etc. Although the ideas in the Xerox Star were revolutionary, it was a huge failure commercially. | | | The desk-sized Alto, and its commercialized descendant the Xerox Star, were the first GUI-based computers. | | | When Steve Jobs took a tour of Xerox PARC in 1979, he saw the Alto and realized it was the future of computing. |
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http://www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfComputers/1980s.html
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| | fUSION Anomaly. Xerox |
| | Apple Computer is founded in a California garage to produce personal computers. | | | Educated at the California Institute of Technology, Carlson in 1934 began to experiment with electrostatics to make copies of printed material. | | | Adobe, creators of Photoshop and other standard graphic application tools, was a spinoff of Xerox Parc |
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http://fusionanomaly.net/xerox.html
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| | Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing Vol 04, Num 05 |
| | There is no question in the computer industry that the work done at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center in the late '70s and early '80s was of seminal importance to all the graphical user interface designs that became popular during the '80s. | | | The PARC researchers created nearly all of the concepts that have become commonplace today: the mouse as a pointing device, multiple windows to show separate processes within the computer, popup and hierarchical menus, representation of files and programs by icons, giving commands to the computer by dragging icons onto other icons, and so forth. | | | How much of a computer's user interface (which embodies aspects of both artistic design and machine behavior) can be copyrighted has yet to be determined either by statute or by case law. |
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http://www.seyboldreports.com/SRDP/dp4/DP04-05b.htm
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| | HistoryWired: A few of our favorite things |
| | Xerox Corporation, which developed the computer at its Palo Alto Research Laboratory, was unsuccessful in marketing the technology, however. | | | Apple Computer Company adopted many of the features of the Alto in its Macintosh computer. | | | Created in 1973, the Xerox Alto CPU was the first fully networked personal computer--complete with bit mapping, a mouse, and ethernet networking capability. |
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http://historywired.si.edu/object.cfm?ID=337
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| | FXPAL - Home |
| | FXPAL is working to shape the future of the office and digital documents, and provide Fuji Xerox a digital information technology base for the 21st century. | | | FXPAL's research spans corporate memory, multimedia computing, and smart environments. | | | Cooperation with FX business units to develop and transition information technologies |
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http://www.fxpal.com
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| | Vintage Computer Festival |
| | The Alto is the ground-breaking computer that spawned a whole new paradigm of computing. | | | If you've only heard about the legendary Xerox Alto and want to experience first-hand the ground-breaking technology of this machine then you will certainly want to come to this year's Vintage Computer Festival and be a part of the celebration! | | | The Vintage Computer Festival is pround to sponsor the Xerox Alto 30th Birthday Bash! |
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http://vintage.org/2003/main/alto.php
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| | The People Are the Company |
| | In France, working with Rank Xerox, PARC recently unveiled Eureka, an electronic "knowledge refinery" that organizes and categorizes a database of tips generated by the field staff. | | | At Xerox, for example, the goal of developing reusable software code seemed unattainable -- until a group of young engineers, working outside official channels, organized themselves under the banner of the Toolkit Working Group. | | | New digital technologies will enable companies to engage their employees and energize the emergent. |
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http://www.fastcompany.com/online/01/people.html
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| | LINGUIST List 5.950: Xerox Palo Alto, Sr. Engineer, Miyagi Gakuin Women's |
| | The NLTT group at PARC is known for its work in syntactic and semantic theory, grammatical formalisms, parsing algorithms, and computational phonology and morphology. | | | The Xerox Palo Alto Research Center is strengthening its research in Natural Language Theory and Technology. | | | Message 1: Job openings: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center |
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http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/5/5-950.html
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| | Xerox's Palo Alto Lab to become independent company |
| | Founded in 1970, PARC has developed such technology as the graphical user interface, client/server architecture, laser printing and Ethernet. | | | For more enterprise computing news, go to www.computerworld.com. | | | A search for a CEO of the new company is under way. |
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http://www.infoworld.com/articles/hn/xml/01/12/11/011211hnxeroxindep.html
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| | Share...and Share Alike - KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT - Magazine - Darwin Online for Informed Executives |
| | Our story begins with researchers working on artificial intelligence who wanted to see if they could replace the paper documentation that Xerox technicians used on the road with an electronic form. | | | Some thought their lunchtime contact with technicians might help them test their theories of artificial intelligence (AI). | | | Xerox may have trouble at the top, but it's learning to manage knowledge from the bottom up. |
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http://www.darwinmag.com/read/020101/share.html
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| | Xerox Palo Alto Research Center - Xerox PARC |
| | Xerox PARC and its researchers developed numerous technologies that are widely used today. | | | Short for Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Xerox PARC is the site of vital computer-related research center in Palo Alto, California, USA that began operations in 1970 and continues research and development today. | | | Xerox Palo Alto Research Center - Xerox PARC |
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http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/x/xparc.htm
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| | Multimedia – From Wagner to Virtual Reality |
| | [In 1974, the first "official" Xerox Alto computer was completed.] I wrote many memos to the Xerox planners trying to get them to make plans that included personal computing as one of their main directions. | | | " Eventually there were about 500 Altos linked with Ethernet and to laser printers and file servers, that used Altos as controllers." | | | This was a huge blow to many of us – even I, who had never really thought of the Alto as anything but a stepping stone to the "real thing." |
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http://www.artmuseum.net/w2vr/archives/Kay/07_Alto.html
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| | altogether: a Xerox Alto simulator |
| | By far the most comprehensive source of information about the Alto is Al Kossow's Xerox Alto Archive. | | | Altogether currently simulates the Alto CPU and video display. | | | Altogether is a microcode-level simulator for the Xerox Alto personal workstation. |
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http://altogether.brouhaha.com
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| | 30 Years from the Xerox Alto Introduction - OSNews.com |
| | The Xerox Alto, the computer that introduced us to the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and forever aliented Command-Line Interface (CLI) programmers everywhere, has reached the ripe old age of 30. | | | They are also featuring a line-up of classic (and working) Xerox machines. | | | So, Vintage and the Computer History Museum is celebrating this weekend it in grand style by having a panel of past and present Xerox PARC luminaries speak about the development of the Alto. |
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http://osnews.com/story.php?news_id=4788
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| | Gui's - COMPARISON of XEROX, Apple & Microsoft Windows |
| | As far as Linux is concerned - Dvorak (2004) says - Ouote "It tells me that Linux boxes, which are actually cheaper, could surpass Windows machines, if their were more software for them." Unquote. | | | He opened the Microsoft OS it up for all comers. | | | Gui's - COMPARISON of XEROX, Apple and Microsoft Windows |
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http://www.jmusheneaux.com/index24.htm
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| | DigiBarn Devices: Mouse from Xerox Alto (with keyset) |
| | We also have in our collections and Alto keyset, the first Microsoft Mouse and the first joystick created for an Apple computer. | | | DigiBarn Devices: Mouse from Xerox Alto (with keyset) | | | Gary, a DigiBarn visitor, later sent in photos of an original Alto wheel mouse that he has in his collection. |
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http://www.digibarn.com/collections/devices/alto-mouse
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| | Xerox PARC Sandbox Server |
| | Did you mean to visit the Ubiquitous Computing Conference page? | | | Xerox Palo Alto Research Center -- Sandbox Server | | | This is an experimental World-Wide Web Server running at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Palo Alto, California. |
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http://www.ubiq.com
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| | Xerox Alto 30th Birthday (October 11th, 2003) |
| | Xerox Alto 30th Birthday Bash at the Computer History Museum | | | Click on any thumbnail image to see a full size image. | | | DigiBarn coverage of the Xerox Alto 30th Birthday Bash |
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http://www.laursen.org/200310XeroxAlto
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| | Nanotechnology |
| | The Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, a nonprofit foundation formed to carry out research aimed at developing molecular manufacturing. | | | A nonprofit organization, the Foresight Institute has played a pivotal role in educating both the general public and the research community about the potential impact of nanotechnology. | | | address: Foresight Institute, Box 61058, Palo Alto CA 94306 USA; phone: 415-324-2490; fax: 415-324-2497; e-mail: inform@foresight.org; WWW: http://www.foresight.org. |
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http://www.zyvex.com/nano
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| | FNF: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center: The Best and Brightest ... |
| | FNF: Learning is a Community Experience (Adele Goldberg) SOURCE: JOT: Journal of Object Technology - Learning | | | FNF: XEROX Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/cs_xparc.htm | | | FNF: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center: The Best and Brightest SOURCE: |
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http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/y3_78434.htm
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Research into electronic reusable paper and its applications is continuing at Xerox PARC. | | | Xerox PARC researcher Matt Howard demonstrates an active sheet of electronic reusable paper in the laboratory. | | | This electronic reusable paper printing device may one day be small enough to fit into a purse. |
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http://www2.parc.com/hsl/projects/gyricon
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| | Xerox - Error Page |
| | However, if internet security is set high you will continue to find that some pages will not load completely. | | | You can return the setting to high at any time. | | | If you are using Internet Explorer 6 as your browser, it may be that you are unable to view this page because your browser's internet security setting is high. |
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http://xerox.com/go/xrx/template/...&id=Historical&Xcntry=USA&Xlang=en_US
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| | Bruce Damer: Xerox 8010 Star, Alto and the Elixir Desktop |
| | A Retrospective of the Xerox Alto, Star 8010 System and Elixir Desktop | | | Bruce Damer: Xerox 8010 Star, Alto and the Elixir Desktop | | | See rights granted under my Creative Commons license and contact me. |
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http://www.damer.com/pictures/elixir/products/star.html
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